Download APES chapter 15 test (January 2011

APES chapter 15 test (January 2011)
Name___________________________________
MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.
1) Children growing up with parents
A) Is viewed as more risky.
who smoke view smoking as...
B) Is viewed as less risky.
2) Driving in a car as a passenger...
C) Has no effect on risk perception.
3) Giving money to a neighbor in need
as compared to giving to the United
way...
MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.
4) A hurricane as compared to a car
accident...
A) Cultural hazards
B) Physical hazards
5) Risky behavior either not recognized
or promoted by society.
C) Biological hazards
6) Danger to one's health that may
originate from cultural, chemical, or
physical factors.
D) Environmental hazards
7) Disease caused primarily by bacteria
and viruses.
8) Includes risks like storms, floods,
fires, and earthquakes.
MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.
9) Exposure to Clorox bleach.
A) Chemical Hazard
10) Driving fast.
B) Biological Hazard
11) Exposure to malaria carrying mosquitoes.
C) Physical Hazard
12) Living in “tornado alley”
D) Cultural Hazard
13) Over-eating
14) Exposure to second hand smoke.
TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
15) AIDS is an example of a cultural hazard.
16) Second-hand smoke is classified by the Environmental Protection Agency as a
human carcinogen.
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers
the question.
17) The incidence of a disease in a population is called:
A) hazard.
B) risk.
C) mortality.
D) morbidity.
E) environmental health.
18) Which of the following statements is/are NOT TRUE? It has been shown that
smoking
A) adversely affects children in homes with smoking adults.
B) adversely affects the smoker.
C) is a personal freedom protected by the Constitution of the United States
D) adversely affects nonsmokers exposed to tobacco smoke.
E) adversely affects unborn children of smoking mothers.
19) The source of pollutants responsible for the chronic health effects of “sick building
syndrome” are:
A) daily exposure to pollutants on the way to work.
B) minerals in bricks and cement.
C) the general quality of the air in the community.
D) fumes from products and equipment used in homes or workplaces.
E) outdoor air pollutants seeping in windows and doors.
20) Describing the effects of a hazard in terms of decrease in life expectancy or
probability of death is an example of:
A) risk assessment.
B) risk characterization.
C) hazard assessment.
D) risk management.
E) risk perception.
21) The study of the presence, distribution, and control of disease in populations is:
A) morbidity.
B) epidemiology.
C) mortality.
D) cultural hazard.
E) environmental health.
22) The leading cause of death in developing countries today is:
A) cardiovascular disease.
B) smoking.
C) cancer.
D) infectious disease.
E) injury.
23) Toxicity of a chemical is determined by:
A) carcinogenicity.
B) exposure and dose.
C) dose.
D) exposure or dose.
E) exposure.
24) Establishing a chemical as a cause of cancer is difficult because
A) it is difficult to measure concentrations of chemicals.
B) some cancers are known to be hereditary.
C) a long time may elapse between exposure and development of the cancer.
D) people do not want to accept that cancer is caused by environmental hazards.
E) the development of cancer is poorly understood.
25) The leading cause of death in developed countries today is:
A) degenerative diseases.
B) injury.
C) infectious diseases.
D) AIDS.
E) cancer.
26) Which of the following statements concerning poverty and health is correct?
A) government choices and commitments can greatly improve public health.
B) government policies generally have little impact on health in poor countries.
C) health will never improve until a country develops economically.
D) health will never improve unless wealth is more equally distributed.
E) health will never improve unless adult literacy improves.
27) What health reason has prompted ban of smoking in public areas?
A) smoke is a known carcinogen and public health risk.
B) nicotine is addictive.
C) smoke causes cancer in laboratory animals.
D) people are demanding cleaner air.
E) smoke is offensive to other customers and hurts business.
28) There is a higher incidence of lung disease among smokers living in polluted areas
compared to areas with cleaner air. This is an example of:
A) geographical hazard.
B) synergy.
C) second hand smoke.
D) carcinogen.
E) cultural hazard.
29) Which of the following statements is a correct comparison of indoor and outdoor air
pollution?
A) the level of pollutants and length of exposure is greater indoors.
B) the level of pollutants and length of exposure is lower indoors.
C) the level of pollutants and length of exposure is greater outdoors.
D) the level of pollutants is higher outdoors.
E) people confined to living indoors are at lower risk than those that work
outdoors.
30) The expected number of cancers that might develop in humans as a result of an
exposure to a certain dose of a chemical could be estimated by use of a:
A) hazard assessment.
B) exposure assessment.
C) dose-response assessment.
D) risk management program.
E) risk assessment.
31) With respect to risk perception, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?
A) People's actions tend to expose them to fewer risks each day.
B) People's perceptions of risk are not strongly influenced by the news media.
C) People's perceptions of risk based on outrage are quickly forgotten.
D) Public policy is generated more by the perceived risks of the public than
through logic or rigorous scientific analyses.
E) People perceive their life to be less hazardous than ever before because of
increased technology.
32) Which of the following best describes the concept of risk?
A) hazard and behavior.
B) hazard and vulnerability.
C) hazard and age.
D) age and vulnerability.
E) behavior and vulnerability.
33) Which of the following would most likely increase the public’s perception of a risk?
A) a more complete knowledge of the related technology.
B) if there is less media coverage of the risk.
C) if it is an involuntary risk.
D) if the risk is voluntary.
E) if the benefits are morally correct.
34) Which of the following characterizes the “precautionary principle” as it applies to
risk from exposure to consumer products?
A) the burden of proof should be on those that question the safety of a product.
B) absolute safety can never be proven.
C) the burden of proof should be on the consumer.
D) pre-testing is unnecessary because if it is harmful we will be able to tell soon
after it enters the market.
E) products should be proven to be safe before they are put on the market.
35) Which of the following is true of physical hazards?
A) they are predictable but usually too expensive to do.
B) they are unpredictable.
C) the effects are usually short lived.
D) the economic damage produced is usually small.
E) poor land use practices may increase the damage.
36) The shift from death due to infectious diseases to death due to the diseases of aging
is called:
A) environmental health.
B) cultural hazards.
C) epidemiology.
D) morbidity.
E) epidemiological transition.
37) Pollutants which bring on life-threatening reactions within a period of hours or days
is known to be a(n) ________reaction.
A) chronic
B) acute
C) carcinogenic
D) scary
38) This disease was transmitted from birds to humans.
A) swine flu
B) leukemia
C) avian flu
D) AIDS/HIV
39) Which of the following is true of risk management?
A) all risks should be eliminated.
B) in some cases small risks of harm may be tolerated if the benefits are expected
to be great.
C) cost / benefit analysis is the only valid approach to risk management.
D) all risks where the cost of risk reduction is greater than the benefit should be
ignored.
E) generally public preferences have no bearing on risk management.
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A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
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J
K
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N
TRUE
TRUE
D
C
D
B
A
D
B
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A
A
A
B
A
C
D
B
C
E
E
E
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