Download Skeletal System Gross Anatomy

Skeletal System:Axial Skeleton
7-1
The Complete Skeleton
•Axial skeleton
–Skull
–Hyoid bone
–Vertebral column
–Thoracic (rib) cage
•Appendicular skeleton
–Limbs
–Girdles
Fig. 7.1
7-2
Superior and Posterior Views of
Skull or Cranium
Modified from Fig. 7.2
Modified from Fig. 7.3
• External occipital protuberance
– Ligamentum nuchae: Helps keep head erect
• Nuchal lines: Neck muscle attachment
7-3
Lateral View of Skull
• External acoustic
(auditory) meatus
• Mastoid Process
• Temporal lines
(temporalis muscle)
• Zygomatic arch
• Mandible
– Condyle
– Coronoid process
Modified from Fig. 7.4
7-4
Frontal View of Skull
Modified from Fig. 7.8
Modified from Fig. 7.6
• Optic foramen (optic nerve)
• Nasolacrimal canal (tears from eye to nasal capsule)
7-5
Inferior View of Skull
•
•
•
•
•
Modified from Fig. 7.12
Foramen magnum
Occipital condyles
Jugular foramen, carotid canal (foramen)
Mandibular fossa
Hard palate - maxilla and palatine
7-6
Hyoid Bone and Auditory
Ossicles
• Hyoid bone
– Unpaired
– No direct bony attachment
to skull
– Attachment point for some
tongue muscles
– Attachment point for neck
muscles that elevate larynx
during speech and
swallowing
• Auditory ossicles
Images from Table 7.8
– Incus
– Malleous
– Stapes
7-7
Vertebra
• Parts
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Body
Vertebral foramen
Vertebral arch
Superior and inferior articular processes
Transverse Processes
Articular facets for rib
Spinous process
Table 7.9
7-8
Vertebral Column
• Regions
–
–
–
–
–
Cervical (7vertebrae)
Thoracic (12 vertebrae)
Lumbar (5vertebrae)
Sacral bone(5 fused)
Coccygeal bone (4
fused)
Fig. 7.13
7-9
Cervical Vertebrae
• Atlas
– First vertebra
– ‘yes’ motion
• Axis
– Second vertebra
– Dens or ______________
– ‘no’ motion
Modified from Fig. 7.17
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Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae
Modified from Fig. 7.18
Modified from Fig. 7.19
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Sacrum and Coccyx
Modified from Fig. 7.20
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Thoracic or Rib Cage
and Sternum
• Parts
– Thoracic vertebrae
– Ribs (12 pair)
• True or Vertebrosternal
• False
– Sternum (manubrium,
body…….xyphoid
process is cartilage)
Modified from Fig. 7.21
7-13
Points to Remember
• Two major components of the human skeleton:
– Axial skeleton arranged along the medial axis
– Appendicular skeleton connects to the axial skeleton
• Skull consists of:
– 22 bones (single and paired)
– 6 auditory ossicles (3 each side) and 1 hyoid
• Vertebral column consists of:
–
–
–
–
–
Cervicals (7)
Thoracics (12)
Lumbars (5)
Sacrum (5, fused)
Coccyx (3-5, fused)
• Rib cage has true (bone) ribs and false (cartilage) ribs
7-14
Questions?
7-15