Download Unit Review – Atoms, Building Blocks of Matter

Unit Review – Atoms, Building Blocks of Matter
Choose the word or phase that best answers the question.
1. How many valence electrons do lithium and potassium have?
a. 1
c. 3
b. 2
d. 4
2. Which of the following is not found in the nucleus of an atom?
a. proton
c. electron
b. neutron
d. quark
3. The atomic number of Re is 75. The atomic mass of one of its isotopes is 186.
How many neutrons are in an atom of this isotope?
a. 75
c. 186
b. 111
d. 261
4. Atoms of different elements are different because they have different numbers of
what type of particle?
a. electrons
c. neutrons
b. protons
d. photons
5. Which scientist proposed the idea that atoms make up all substances?
a. Aristotle
c. Democritus
b. Dalton
d. Galileo
6. The element nickel has five naturally occurring isotopes. Which of the following
describes the relationship of these isotopes?
a. same mass, same atomic number
b. same mass, different atomic number
c. different mass, same atomic number
d. different mass, different atomic number
7. One of the first people to state that matter is made up of atoms was
a. Democritus
c. Dalton
b. Aristotle
d. Rutherford
8. Dalton’s model of an atom is best described as
a. a solar system
c. a plum pudding
b. a solid sphere
d. an electron cloud
9. Who provided the first evidence that atoms contain subatomic particles?
a. Dalton
c. Thomson
b. Rutherford
d. Bohr
10. Almost all the mass of an atom is located in its
a. protons
c. electron cloud
b. electrons
d. nucleus
11. An electron is a charged particle with
a. a negative charge, found in the nucleus
b. a positive charge, found in the nucleus
c. no charge, found outside the nucleus
d. a negative charge, found outside the nucleus
12. Which particle is the least massive?
a. proton
b. electron
c. neutron
d. nucleus
13. All atoms of an element have the same
a. mass number
b. number of isotopes
c. atomic number
d. number of neutrons
14. The number of neutrons in an atom equals the
a. mass number minus the atomic number
b. atomic number plus the number of electrons
c. mass number plus the atomic number
d. atomic number minus the mass number
15. The atomic number of sulfur is 16. How many electrons are there in an atom of
sulfur-34?
a. 16
c. 18
b. 34
d. 50
16. Thomson demonstrated that electrons
a. have a negative electric charge
b. have a positive electric charge
c. are repelled by a positively charged object
d. are attracted to a negatively charged object
17. According to Dalton’s atomic theory, an atom is
a. made of smaller particles
b. a particle with a positive charge
c. the smallest particle of an element
d. in constant motion
18. Electrons in the first energy level
a. have no energy
b. have the lowest possible energy
c. have the highest possible energy
d. are in an unstable state
19. What is the mass number of oxygen-18?
a. 8
b. 10
c. 16
d. 18
20. Using the periodic table for reference, how many electrons would an atom of
chlorine have?
a. 17
c. 35
b. 18
d. 36
21. Which of the following scientists envisioned the atom as a ball of positive charge
with electrons embedded in it, much like chocolate chips spread through cookie
dough?
a. Democritus
c. Thomson
b. Dalton
d. Rutherford
Use the illustration below to answer questions 22 and 23.
22. Which of the following correctly identifies the three atoms shown in the
illustration above?
a. hydrogen, lithium, sodium
c. hydrogen, helium, helium
b. hydrogen, helium, lithium
d. hydrogen, hydrogen, hydrogen
23. What is the mass number for each of the atoms shown in the illustration?
a. 0, 1, 2
c. 1, 2, 2
b. 1, 1, 1
d. 1, 2, 3
24. The name Democritus gave to the smallest possible particle of matter is the
a. molecule
c. electron
b. atom
d. proton
25. The scientist J.J. Thomson discovered the
a. proton
b. electron
c. neutron
d. nucleus
26. The small, heavy center of the atom is the
a. neutron
b. proton
c. electron
d. nucleus
27. Particles smaller than the atom are called
a. molecules
b. elements
c. ions
d. subatomic particles
28. The nucleus of an atom contains
a. protons and neutrons
b. protons and electrons
c. neutrons and electrons
d. protons, neutrons, and electrons
29. The number of protons in an atom with an atomic number of 18 is
a. 10
c. 18
b. 36
d. 8
30. An isotope of oxygen, atomic number 8 could have
a. 8 protons and 10 neutrons
c. 10 protons and 8 electrons
b. 10 protons and 10 neutrons
d. 6 protons and 8 neutrons
31. All nuclear particles are thought to be made of a combination of three
a. electrons
c. molecules
b. isotopes
d. quarks
32. Which of the following forces within the atom is responsible for keeping electrons
in orbit around the nucleus?
a. electromagnetic
c. weak
b. strong
d. gravity
33. The arrangement and location of what subatomic particles determine the chemical
properties of an atom?
a. protons
c. quarks
b. neutrons
d. electrons
True or False
If the statement is true, write “true.” If it is false, change the underlined word or words to
make the statement true.
_____ _______________ 34. Most of the mass of the atom is located in the
electron cloud.
_____ _______________ 35. Electrons that have the least amount of energy
are located farthest from the nucleus.
_____ _______________ 36. The idea that matter is made up of indivisible
particles called atoms was proposed by Democritus.
_____ _______________ 37. In Thomson’s experiment, the gas in the tube gave
off rays that were made of negatively charged
particles called neutrons.
_____ _______________ 38. The element chlorine has an atomic number of 17. It
has 17 protons in its nucleus.
Concept Mapping
Complete the following concept map.
Indirect evidence
39.
Neutron
40.
Electron