Download Ecumenical and Inter-Religious Issues 2 nd

Ecumenical and Inter-Religious Issues
2nd Semester Final Exam Study Guide
May 1, 2017—12:45-2:45
Total Exam—167 questions—1, 2, or 8 points each—212 points
Objective Section—160 of 184 questions—1 point each—160 points
Introduction to World Religions
1.
With regard to the world's religions, the Catholic Church teaches that those who believe in one God all
share a fundamental belief called monotheism.
2.
When the Catholic Church talks about evangelization, it means witnessing to one’s faith without trying to
get others to convert to Catholicism.
3.
We are asked to come to the study of the world’s religions with an attitude of empathy because Empathy
allows us to accept the beliefs and practices of other people on their own terms.
4.
Two of the common elements seen in every religious tradition are beliefs and practices.
5.
Transubstantiation is the term which expresses the reality of actual Jesus’ presence in the bread and wine
of the Eucharist.
6.
The term religion traditionally means to bind one’s self to God or to something else beyond.
7.
The major reason for the expansion in religious diversity in the United States is an increase in immigration
from Asia and Latin America.
8.
The major reason a class on the world’s religions is distinct from other religion classes is a world’s
religions class explores many religious traditions, not just one.
9.
The document titled “The Relation of the Church to the Non-Christian Religions” or “In Our Time”
(1965) is Nostra Aetate.
10. The Catholic Church rejects nothing which is true.
11. Redemptoris Missio was written by St. John Paul II.
12. Redemptoris Missio is generally about Missionary work.
13. Nostra Aetate is a call for all Catholics to approach other faiths with Forgiveness, Understanding, Unity.
14. Nostra Aetate has a section that focuses specially on the Church’s relation to Buddhism, Islam and
Judaism.
15. Meditation is an example of personal ritual.
16. Meaning “witness”, a martyr person who endures suffering or death for those beliefs.
17. Martin Luther wrote a book condemning the Jews for their sins of the past.
18. Liturgy is the official public prayer of the Church.
19. From the Greek “in defense of”, apologetics is a style writing that defends the Christian faith.
20. For Catholics, the 27 New Testament books and 46 Old Testament books of scripture is referred to as the
canon.
21. Ecumenism is the movement inspired by the Holy Spirit that seeks the union of all Christian faiths.
22. Doctrine is the term that defines the principles, beliefs and teachings of a religion.
23. Blasphemy defames that which is considered sacred by a group of people.
24. As late as 1960, one could still hear and read Catholic leaders calling Protestants heretics.
25. A pilgrimage is an example of communal ritual.
26. A Patriarch is a bishop of an Orthodox see (e.g. Constantinople, Antioch, Alexandria…)
27. A myth points to a spiritual truth.
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2017 Ecumenism Final Exam Study Guide
28.
29.
A Council is a gathering of all bishops of the world in their exercise of authority over the universal
Church.
“Winning” religious arguments is not a valid reason for studying world religions.
Christianity—Catholic, Orthodox, and Protestant
30. We know very little about the historical Jesus.
31. The state-sponsored persecutions of early Christians ceased with the Edict of Milan during the reign of
Constantine and were strongest in the areas around Rome.
32. The Rule of St. Benedict emphasized an austere lifestyle, prayer, teaching, and work; they became a model
for monastic rule over the centuries.
33. THE major symbol for Christianity is the cross.
34. The Magisterium is the official teaching authority of the Church.
35. The Great Commandment is the foundation for Christian moral living.
36. The first seven councils of the Christian Church are the only ones recognized by the Eastern Orthodox
churches; they were convened to address doctrinal disputes by the emperor of Constantinople.
37. The filioque controversy was the final straw that caused the schism between the Eastern and Western
Church.
38. The Christian liturgical year begins on the first Sunday of Advent.
39. The belief in the Communion of Saints was one doctrine that the Eastern and Western Church shared.
40. Pentecostalism is the movement places a strong emphasis on receiving and expressing the gifts of the
Holy Spirit.
41. Papal authority was one of the doctrines Martin Luther protested against.
42. Meaning “beggar”, St. Francis lived as mendicant by embracing poverty.
43. Language, art, culture and music were some of the major differences between the Catholic Church of the
East and West.
44. It is heresy for a baptized Christian to publically deny a doctrine and spread that false beliefs.
45. Icons are most prominent in Eastern Orthodox churches.
46. Gnosticism is the heresy that taught a secret knowledge was necessary to achieve salvation.
47. Generally Constantine’s decision to move the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople, resulted in
two political centers; which exasperated differences between Greek-speaking east and Latin-speaking west
and further divided Christianity.
48. Fundamentalism movement that places a strong emphasis on the literal interpretation of scripture.
49. Following the Protestant Reformation, Catholics and Protestants continued to share the Apostles’ Creed
and the Nicene Creed.
50. Evangelicalism is the movement that places a strong emphasis on witnessing the Good News of Jesus
Christ.
51. Concupiscence is a term that describes the effects of Original Sin on humankind.
52. Christians commemorate Jesus’ Last Supper on Maundy Thursday.
53. Baptism and Eucharist accepted by most Christian denominations because they are found in Scripture.
54. Anabaptists were Protestants groups who did not accept infant baptism.
55. A Denomination is a religious organization whose congregation are united in their adherence to its beliefs
and practices.
56. “Enfleshed”, describes the dogma of the Incarnation; i.e. Jesus as God becoming human.
57. Polygamy is the practice of having several wives.
Judaism
58. Yom Kippur is generally considered the holiest day of the Jewish year.
59. Yiddish is a language derived from German and Hebrew.
60. Unleavened bread is used in a Sabbath meal ritual.
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Though the State of Israel was established in 1948.
The Zionist movement Sought to restore a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
The word Mitzvot means Commandment of Jewish law.
The Torah is the source of the 613 laws that a Jew must obey.
The Sh’ma is “Hear O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord alone.”
The Septuagint refers to The Greek translation of the Hebrew scripture.
The Rabbis began a process of systematically transforming the Temple rituals for practice outside the
Temple.
The Kingdom of Israel was first united under King David’s leadership.
The first Temple was built in Jerusalem by Solomon.
The first Temple of the Jews was destroyed by the Babylonians.
The existence of the Essene community was revealed in modern times through the discovery of The Dead
Sea Scrolls.
The Diaspora is (are) Jews living outside Judea.
Shabbat is another name for the Sabbath.
Ritual sacrifice took place in a synagogue, animal sacrifice took place n the temple.
Pork and Shellfish are foods not permitted by kosher/Jewish dietary laws
Pogrom is the Persecution of a minority
Pesach retells the story of the Exodus.
Moses led the Chosen People out of Egypt, wandered the desert for 40 years; he died before entering the
Promised Land (Canaan) with his people.
Meaning “doorpost”, a Mezuzah is a small parchment containing the Sh’ma near the right doorframe at the
front entrance to a Jewish home.
Kosher is a Hebrew word meaning “proper”, it commonly refers to food permitted by Jewish dietary laws.
Judaism started in the Sinai desert and is a monotheistic religion.
Jews follow a lunar calendar, thus their day begins at Sunset.
Israel is both a country and a people.
In the Exile, many Jews were deported to Babylon.
Hanukkah also called the festival of lights, celebrates one of the great military victories in Jewish history.
For a contemporary Jew, they would know the “Ark” to be a place in a synagogue where the scrolls are
kept.
During the Spanish Inquisition, Jews who converted to Christianity were known as conversos.
During a Jewish wedding, the “breaking of the glass” symbolizes the destruction of the Temple.
Being a “Chosen People” means God gives the Jewish people many privileges and many responsibilities.
Anti-Semitism is discrimination against Jews.
A primary reason the Jews did not believe Jesus to be the awaited Messiah was Jesus was not a warriorking like David.
A menorah is a candelabra with seven (or nine) candles.
A Jewish and/or Christian text that is a prophetic or symbolic revelation of the end of the world is called
apocalyptic.
A gentile is a person who is not of Jewish origin.
Islam
95. Wudu is the Arabic word for ritual washing to prepare for prayer.
96. The text states that Islam can mean Peace, Submission; Surrender.
97. The Shahada the prayer of Islam belief expressed very frequently.
98. The Qur’an contains the direct revelations of Allah.
99. The major reason for the division between Sunni and Shi’ah is that Shi’ah Muslims remained faithful to
Ali, a descendant of Mohammad.
100. The Hajj is one of the Pillar of Faiths is a commitment to make a pilgrimage to Mecca in one’s lifetime.
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The Five Pillars of Islam are: Witnessing (Shahadah), Prayer, Fasting, Almsgiving and Hajj.
The Dome of the Rock is in Jerusalem.
The Adan is called by a Muezzin.
The “Seal of the Prophets” refers to Muhammad as final prophet.
Shari’ah law that is the centerpiece of Muslim life.
Reformed Muslims (moderate) believe that Islam should accept their current political reality (where they
live) and embrace a pluralistic separation of religion and state.
Ramadan is a month-long Muslim celebration of Muhammad receiving his first revelation from God.
Qu’ran literally means recitation.
One only must recite the Shahadah to become a Muslim.
Muslims use a lunar calendar.
Muslims pray 5x a day.
Muslims developed the beautiful art of Arabic calligraphy largely because Artistic representations of
animal, God and Mohammed were largely forbidden.
Muslim believe everyone is a Muslim (because we are created by Allah).
Muhammad’s revelations from God were spoken in Arabic and are believed to be infallible.
Muhammad was born in the city of Mecca, making it the holiest of cities.
Muhammad discouraged the translating of the Qur’an from Arabic.
Muhammad did not found Islam, he restored it.
Initially under Muslim rule, Jews were a “protected” people as long as they paid the tax for protection.
In sha Allah (God willing or as God foresees it) is the Muslim way of stating a belief in God’s providence.
For Muslims, Allah the Arabic word for God and declares that God the one and only God.
For Muslims, Abraham, Moses and Jesus are all prophets from God.
Colonization by the British and French led to the decline of Islamic influence in the Modern Period.
Caliphs are successors of Muhammad.
After three centuries of military battles of the Crusades, the Muslims maintained jurisdiction over the
Holy Land.
About eighty-five to ninety percent of the world’s Muslims are Sunni.
A Mosque is where public worship happens for a Muslim.
A Minaret, a place for wudu (washing) and a prayer hall are found at a mosque.
Hinduism
128. Yoga is the Hindu discipline aimed at training the consciousness for a state of perfect spiritual insight and
tranquility.
129. Yoga is a Discipline for Hindu’s.
130. Vishnu is the god of Preservation.
131. The word Hindu comes from the Sanskrit word meaning River.
132. The Vedas are Ancient Hindu scriptures, often cited as the oldest scriptures of any religion.
133. The text states that some believe that Jesus spent his “hidden years” in India learning from Hindu sages.
134. The following social groups make up the Caste System of India: Priests/Teachers, Warriors/Kings,
Farmers/Merchants, Laborers/Servants, Untouchables
135. The ethical duties of a person are called Dharma.
136. Shiva is the Destroyer god.
137. Sanskrit is the ancient language of India.
138. Samsara is the Hindu experience of birth, life and death over and over again, until one achieves oneness
with Brahman.
139. Parvarti and Lakshmi are Hindu female goddesses.
140. Murti, Flowers and Food are used in a home puja (ritual worship).
141. Moksha is the Hindu belief that one can be liberated from the cycle of reincarnation
142. Maya is a Sanskrit word for illusions.
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143. Krishna is the avatar of Vishnu.
144. Karma is the Hindu (and Buddhist) belief that the form the soul will take in the next life is determined by
its behavior.
145. It is often said that Hinduism have many million gods.
146. In 1947, Pakistan was established as a separate Muslim country.
147. Hinduism is considered a very tolerant religion.
148. Hindu priests are called Brahmins (also the same name as the highest caste).
149. Diwali is the Festival of Lights
150. Brahma is the Hindu Creator god.
151. An avatar is an incarnation of a Hindu god.
152. According to Hinduism, our real self (essence) is Atman.
153. A Mantra is a sacred verbal formula that is repeated in prayer and meditation.
154. A Gurus is a Hindu “teacher” who guides in philosophical and spiritual matters.
155. A banyan tree is often used as an analogy for Hinduism because its branches grow to the ground and take
root.
156. 95% of the Hindu’s in the world live in India.
Buddhism
157. Thomas Merton was a Catholic who studied Buddhism.
158. The Three Jewels of Buddhism are: Buddha, Dharma and Sangha.
159. The Noble Eightfold Path is characterized by three main practices (stepping stones) Morality, meditation,
wisdom.
160. The Middle Way refers to the half-way point between asceticism and indulgence
161. The Four Sights of Buddha are him seeing: an old man, a sick man, a corpse and a wandering holy man
without, possessions.
162. The Four Noble Truths are: life is filled with suffering, the cause of suffering is desire, to cease suffering,
one most cease desiring and the path to the end of suffering is the eight-fold Path.
163. The Four Councils of Buddhism were instrumental in determining the direction of Buddhism after the
death of Siddhartha Gautama.
164. The Five Precepts are: Do not take the life of any living creature, do not take what is not given, abstain
from sexual misconduct, refrain from deceitful speech, avoid any intoxicant
165. The Buddhist scripture which we read from in class was called the Lotus Sutra.
166. The Buddha was born in approximately 560 BCE.
167. The Buddha sat under a bodhi tree until he reached enlightenment.
168. Siddhartha Gautama was born and raised in the Hindu warrior caste.
169. Siddhartha Gautama believed that suffering will cease when one ceases desiring.
170. Properly understood, Buddhists do not believe in god.
171. Nirvana means “to extinguish” or to “blow out”, and refers to the extinguishing of all suffering,
impermanence, delusion and all that keeps the (endless) life cycle going.
172. Nirvana is attained through meditation.
173. Monasteries, the preaching of peace and meditation are similarities of Catholics and Buddhists.
174. Mindfulness of Breath was central to the practice of meditation taught by Siddhartha Gautama.
175. King Ashoka became disenchanted with the military and the devastation war left on people, and became
the greatest promoter of Buddhism.
176. Dharma comes from Sanskrit meaning to uphold the “laws of the cosmos and nature.
177. Confucius’s desired to be a public official.
178. Buddhists bow to the image (statue) of Buddha to venerate his holiness.
179. Buddhist communities of monks and nuns are called Sangha.
180. Buddhism is derived from the Hindu religious tradition.
181. Buddhism comes from the Sanskrit word budhi which means “To wake up.”
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2017 Ecumenism Final Exam Study Guide
182. A stupa is a small mound of stones or rocks that contain relics of the Buddha. Funerals are important to
Buddhists because of their strong interest in life after death and rebirth
183. A pagoda is a large Stupa that contains relics of Buddha.
184. A Bodhisattva is a being that compassionately refrains from entering Nirvana in order to save others.
Subjective Section—7 of 15 questions—2 or 8 points each—52 points
Short Answer—6 of 13—1 to 2 sentences/statements each—2 points each for 12 points
1. Nostrae Atatae and Inter-faith dialog
2. Unitatis Redintegratio and Ecumenism
3. Definitions of Ecumenism and Inter-religious dialogue
4. The four branches of Judaism in the world today
5. Jewish notion of Sh’ma
6. Founder and restorer of Islam
7. The Muslim Shahadah
8. The Four Noble Truths of Buddhists and the impact on daily life
9. Hindu and Buddhist understanding of Dharma
10. How yoga expresses a Hindu “practice” of faith
11. Martin Luther’s “protests” against the Catholic Church regarding Indulgences, sacraments, and the
common priesthood
12. The central issue that divided Catholics and Orthodox in the 11th century
13. Difference between Catholic, Protestant, and Orthodox Scriptures
Essays—1 of 2—8 sentences/statements each religion—8 points each religion for 40 points
1. Know key points from Section 6 (Through a Catholic Lens) for each of the five major religions we
studied—Judaism, Christianity (Orthodox and/or Protestant), Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism. Focus on
what makes each religion similar and different from Catholicism as well as what would and would not
be some good sources of ecumenical or inter-religious dialogue and collaboration depending on the
religion you are considering. For everything, be prepared to justify your answer. Also be prepared to
give some personal reflections for each religion.
2. Know key points from Section 3 (Beliefs and Practices) for each of the five major religions we
studied—Judaism, Christianity (Orthodox, and/or Protestant), Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism. Focus on
the central belief and the central way this belief is practiced for each religion. For everything, be
prepared to give your personal thoughts about how the belief and practice you are discussing is an aid or
hindrance to ecumenical or inter-religious dialogue and collaboration depending on the religion you are
considering. Also be prepared to give some personal reflections for each religion.
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2017 Ecumenism Final Exam Study Guide