Download Sedimentary Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks
S6E5. Students will investigate the
scientific view of how the earth’s
surface is formed.
c. Classify rocks by their process
of formation.
Enduring Understanding: Rocks
are grouped based on how they
formed and their mineral
composition.
Directions
1.
2.
3.
Read over the note taking organizer.
Read each slide.
Next fill in the blanks with the
underlined words. Some slides
are just used for information
purposes.
Intro to Sedimentary Rocks
• Produced from weathering products of pre-existing rocks
or accumulated biological matter
– Detrital (clastic) rocks produced from rock fragments
– Chemical rocks produced by precipitation of dissolved
ions in water
– Organic rocks produced by accumulation of biological
debris, such as in swamps or bogs
• Sedimentary rock types and sedimentary structures within
the rocks give clues to past environments
• Fossils in sedimentary rocks give clues to the history of life
• Important resources (coal, oil) are found in sedimentary
rocks
4. 3 Notes: Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary rocks are layers of sediment
cemented together. The sedimentary process
begins with igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic
weathered which is the breaking down
of rocks followed by erosion the movement
rocks
from the Earth's surface by natural processes such
as wind or water flow, through the act of
transportation. The transfer of sediments
(soil particles) from one place to another followed
by
deposition the
layering after layering of
the sediment. Then Compaction occurs
after the sediments have been deposited.
Cementation the final process acts as glue
or cement to bind the sediments together forming
http://www.fi.edu/fellows/payton/rocks/create/sedi
sedimentary rocks.
ment.htm
From Sediment to Sedimentary Rock
• Transportation
– Movement of sediment away from its source,
typically by water, wind, or ice
– Rounding of particles occurs due to abrasion during
transport
– Sorting occurs as sediment is separated according to
grain size by transport agents, especially running
water
– Sediment size decreases with increased transport
distance
Origin (Formed where)
 Comprise
75% of the Earth’s surface
 Formed when sediments become
compacted and cemented together
 Usually
has layers called strata
The highest layer has the least
pressure.
The lowest layer has the most
pressure.
 What
Compaction
does
compaction mean?
–Layer upon layer of
sediment builds up
and the pressure
The highest layer has the
from the upper
least pressure.
layers pushes down
on the lower layers.
–Only SMALL
The lowest layer has the
sediments will stick most pressure.
together to form rock
Cementation
 What
does it mean? (Process)
–Water soaks through soil and rock. The
water dissolves minerals in soil and
rock.
– The solution of minerals and water
moves between the sediments.
– The sediments stick together when the
minerals crystallize.
– Common with LARGE sediments
Classification (Grouping)

Sedimentary rocks are classified in 3
ways… (By the way they are formed)
1.
Detrital Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
2.
Chemical Sedimentary Rocks
3.
Organic Sedimentary Rocks
It’s by the way they are
formed!!!
1. Clastic Sedimentary Rock
 Made
from broken fragments of
other rocks.
– EX: Conglomerate = large/round
fragments
– EX: Breccia = large/sharp fragments
Breccia
Conglomerate
Clastic Rock Facts
Clastic – made of fragments of rock
cemented together with calcite or quartz
Breccia is a term
most often used for clastic
sedimentary rocks that
are composed of large
angular fragments (over
two millimeters in
diameter).
The spaces between the
large angular fragments
can be filled with a matrix
of smaller particles or a
mineral cement that binds
2. Chemical Sedimentary
Rock
from minerals crystallizing
out of a solution
 Formed
 The
solution is made of minerals and
water.
Halite (Rock Salt)
Chemical Rock Facts
Chemical sedimentary – minerals crystallize
out of solution to become rock
Limestone is a sedimentary
rock composed primarily of
calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in
the form of the mineral
calcite. It most commonly
forms in clear, warm, shallow
marine waters.
It is usually an organic
sedimentary rock that forms
from the accumulation of
shell, coral, algal and fecal
debris.
3. Organic Sedimentary Rock
formed from once-living
(organic) things.
 Rocks
EX: Organic
Limestone
Ocean animals called coral create
huge deposits of limestone. As they
die, their skeletons collect on the
ocean floor.
Organic Rock Facts
Organic sedimentary – remains of plants and
animals
Coal is an organic
sedimentary rock that forms
from the accumulation and
preservation of plant materials,
usually in a swamp
environment.
Coal is a combustible rock and
along with oil and natural gas it
is one of the three most
important fossil fuels.
Stratification
 The
process in which sedimentary
rocks are arranged in layers.
Separating each strata are bedding planes.
Bedding Planes are flat surfaces along which the rock tends to
break.
Caused by changes in grain size.
May also occur after pauses in deposition.