Download Final Exam Review - Milton

Final Exam Review
Human Biology
1. Name this cell.
NEURON
2. What does this cell do?
SENDS AND RECEIVES MESSAGES
3. From where do these cells gather
information? OUTSIDE THE BODY THROUGH THE FIVE SENSES
4. What are these information-gathering neurons called?
SENSORY NEURONS
5. To where do these cells send information?
THE BRAIN OR SPINAL CORD FOR PROCESSING
6. What kind of neuron sends a response
back?
MOTOR NEURON
Label the parts of the neuron.
7
DENDRITE
8
NUCLEUS
10
9 AXON
MYELIN SHEATH
11. What does the arrow represent?
THE DIRECTION OF AN IMPULSE BEING SENT
12. What is the function of
neurotransmitters? TO SEND AN IMPULSE TO AN ADJACENT NEURON
Name the phase of a nerve impulse. (Resting,
Action, or Refractory)
13. An impulse travels down the axon away from the cell body. ACTION POTENTIAL
14. Na+ and K+ channels are closed. RESTING POTENTIAL
15. Neuron is slightly negative on the inside of the cell compared to the
outside of the cell.
RESTING POTENTIAL
16. Na+ and K+ channels open allowing Na+ to move into cell and K+ to
move out of the cell.
ACTION POTENTIAL
17. The neuron receives a signal from a stimulus. RESTING POTENTIAL
18. Na+ channels close and K+ flow back into cell. REFRACTORY PERIOD
19. Which part of the brain regulates body
temperature and primitive instincts like hunger?
HYPOTHALAMUS
20. Which side of the brain controls the
muscles of a right-handed person?
LEFT
21. The “animal brain” that controls the instincts
and primitive drives and is stimulated by drugs is
LIMBIC SYSTEM
also known as the ________________?
22. Which neurotransmitter plays a role in
drug addiction?
DOPAMINE
Name the type of sensory receptor.
23. Responds to light. PHOTORECEPTOR
24. Responds to an injury. PAIN RECEPTOR
25. Responds to taste and smell. CHEMORECEPTOR
26. Responds to changes in temperature. THERMORECEPTOR
27. Responds to touch or pressure. MECHANORECEPTOR
28. Name a function of the cardiovascular
system?
TAKE OUT CARBON DIOXIDE FROM TISSUES
BRING OXYGEN TO TISSUES
CIRCULATE NUTRIENTS THROUGHOUT THE BODY
29. What are the three main structures of
the cardiovascular system?
HEART
BLOOD VESSELS
BLOOD
Name the structure.
RIGHT ATRIUM
30
Name the structure.
RIGHT VENTRICLE
31
Name the structure.
32
PULMONARY ARTERY
Name the structure.
33
PULMONARY VEIN
Name the structure.
34
LEFT ATRIUM
Name the structure.
35
LEFT VENTRICLE
Name the structure.
AORTA
36
37. Which type of vessels have the thickest
walls?
ARTERIES
38. In relationship to the heart, where do
arteries carry blood?
AWAY FROM THE HEART TO BODY TISSUES AND ORGANS
39. In relationship to the heart, where do
veins carry blood?
TOWARD THE HEART FROM BODY TISSUES AND ORGANS
40. Name the smallest blood vessels, in which
oxygen is delivered to tissues and organs.
CAPILLARIES
Name the blood cell.
41. Fights infection. WHITE BLOOD CELL
42. Most numerous in the body.
RED BLOOD CELL
RED BLOOD CELL
43. Carries oxygen.
44. Is involved in clotting blood at an injury site.
PLATELETS
45. Name the protein converted from
fibrinogen that helps to clot blood.
FIBRIN
Name the structure.
47
PLAQUE
48. What is plaque made of?
CHOLESTEROL/FATS/
LIPIDS
49. How is high blood pressure (hypertension)
harmful to the cardiovascular system?
IT CAN LEAD TO BLOOD VESSEL DAMAGE CAUSING HEART ATTACK AND STROKE
50. Which vessels supply the heart tissue with
oxygen and if they are blocked, a heart attack can
occur?
CORONARY ARTERIES
51. Which digestive organ manufactures
cholesterol?
LIVER
52. If a substance has a pH lower than 7,
then it is a/an ____________.
ACID
53. What kind of protein works best at a specified
pH and has a specific shape for its substrate?
ENZYME
54. Name a food high in fiber.
ANY FOOD FROM PLANT PRODUCTS:
FRUITS, VEGETABLES, WHOLE GRAINS, ETC.
55. How many Calories does the average
teen need per day?
2200-2800
56. Which structure extracts water from
digested food?
H
57. Which structure uses a smooth muscular
contraction called churning?
D
58. Which structure(s) has chemical digestion
taking place?
D and G
59. Which structure carries food from the
pharynx to the stomach?
A
Match the phase of digestion with its
description.
60. The physical and chemical breakdown of food into small molecules.
DIGESTION
61. The process of getting food into the opening of the digestive tract.
INGESTION
62. The movement of small molecules from the digestive tract into the
blood.
ABSORPTION
63. The movement of undigested materials, like fiber, out of the body.
ELIMINATION
Match the enzyme with its description.
64. Digests proteins in the stomach. Work bests with HCl. PEPSIN
65. Breaks maltose into glucose. A “brush border enzyme” in the
intestinal villi.
MALTASE
66. Secreted by the pancreas as part of the “juices.” Breaks down fat
droplets.
LIPASE
67. Found in the saliva and pancreas. Breaks down starch into sugars. AMYLASE
68. Made by the liver and stored in the gall bladder. Packages fats into
droplets.
BILE
69. Breaks proteins into their smallest components, amino acids.
PEPTIDASE
70. Name the structure that closes over the
trachea when food is swallowed.
EPIGLOTTIS
71. What structure is a common passageway
for air and food?
PHARYNX
72. Put these in order according to how
oxygen flows through them:
• Bronchioles
• Blood
• Bronchi
• Alveoli
BRONCHI,
BRONCHIOLES,
ALVEOLI,
BLOOD
73. What is the muscle that when contracts
to force air into the lungs?
DIAPHRAGM
74. What body system ultimately controls
breathing?
NERVOUS SYSTEM
75. Bronchi that are inflamed and clogged with
mucus is a symptom of what respiratory disease?
BRONCHITIS
76. Which system of the body controls
homeostasis and removes waste?
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
77. Which excretory organ secretes excess
water as sweat?
SKIN
78. Which structure removes excess water,
urea, and metabolic waste from the blood?
79. Which structure takes filtered blood out of the
kidney and back into circulation toward the heart?
80. What is the functional unit of the kidney that
consists of the Loop of Henle, Glomerulus, and
Bowman’s Capsule?
NEPHRON
81. Which part of the nephron is the first to
filter blood?
GLOMERULUS
Name the kidney disorder.
82. Kidneys are no longer filtering blood properly and are placing
protein in the urine, so artificial filtration must be accomplished
through kidney dialysis.
KIDNEY FAILURE
83. A urine sample contains high levels of glucose in the blood.
DIABETES
84. A urine sample contains a high number of white blood cells and
has a strong odor. URINARY TRACT INFECTION
References
• http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/811/flashcards/141811/jp
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• http://scienceofstudy.wikispaces.com/file/view/neurotransmitters.gif
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