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A Constellation is… is… … a region of the sky, within official borders set in 1928 by the IAU. • Often recognizable by a pattern or grouping of stars. • Some patterns, like the Winter Triangle, span several constellations. These are familiar shapes but not official constellations © 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as AddisonAddison-Wesley © 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as AddisonAddison-Wesley More asterisms Cygnus “a real constellation” constellation” The big dipper z Actually part of Ursa Major Image from: The Big Bear http://www.physics.csbsju.edu/astro/constellations/ursa_major_l.html Or Big Raccoon? z z The summer triangle z z Asterisms © 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as AddisonAddison-Wesley © 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as AddisonAddison-Wesley Lyra—another real constellation Prominent Constellations -Sagittarius. © 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as AddisonAddison-Wesley © 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as AddisonAddison-Wesley 1 Scorpius Orion z Betelguese z z © 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as AddisonAddison-Wesley © 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as AddisonAddison-Wesley Not what it appears! Orion Nebula Orion Nebula Betelguese Radius of Earths orbit about sun! © 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as AddisonAddison-Wesley The view from here: Celestial Astrononomy Even though we know the Earth goes around the sun and not vice versa.. z Don’ Don’t we? z 1/5 adults in USA don’ don’t! z Its useful to think about a sphere of celestial objects surrounding the Earth z The signs of the zodiac are the constelltions that are along the sun’ sun’s path— path—the ecliptic! z © 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as AddisonAddison-Wesley © 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as AddisonAddison-Wesley Planetary systems forming within! The Celestial Sphere The sky above looks like a dome… dome…a hemisphere.. z If we imagine the sky around the entire Earth, we have the celestial sphere. sphere. z This a 22-dimensional representation of the sky Because it represents our view from Earth, we place the Earth in the center of this sphere. z © 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as AddisonAddison-Wesley 2 The Celestial Sphere Finding the North Celestial Pole North & South celestial poles z the points in the sky directly above the Earth’s North and South poles Image from younge Observer s Merak celestial equator Dubhe the extension of the Earth’s equator onto the celestial sphere ecliptic the annual path of the Sun through the celestial sphere, which is a projection of ecliptic plane © 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as AddisonAddison-Wesley The Daily Motion daily circles --- CCW looking north, CW looking south © 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as AddisonAddison-Wesley Polaris © 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as AddisonAddison-Wesley Star Trails in two hemispheres Southen Hemisphere Northen Hemisphere Which direction How long was the shutter open? © 2004 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as AddisonAddison-Wesley do the stars move? Images from NASA/APOD 3
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