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Biol315Courseoutcomes 1. Describeandcalculatebasicdescriptivestatisticsformeasuresofcentraltendency,distribution shape,andspread 2. Describetheprocessofhypothesistestingandgivenastatementofaresearchquestion, constructanappropriatenullandalternativehypothesistouseforhypothesistesting. 3. ListbiologicalvariablesthatfollowabinomialandPoissondistributionandusethebinomialand Poissonprobabilityequationstodeterminetheprobabilityofcertain‘events’ 4. Describehowthemean,varianceandshapeofthebinomialdistributionareinfluencedbythe probabilityof‘success’foragiventrial 5. UsethePoissondistributiontotestanullhypothesisaboutthespatialdistributionofrare, random‘events’anddescribethepropertiesofthePoissondistribution 6. Explainandidentifyscenariosthatwouldrequireanalysisoffrequencies(G-test)aseitheratest forGoodnessoffitorasaContingencyanalysis 7. Describehowthefrequencydistributionofsamplemeansapproachesanormaldistributionas thesamplesizeincreases,evenifthesamplesaredrawnfromanon-normaldistributioni.e. explaintheCentralLimitTheorem 8. Describeanddesignexperimentsaccordingtobestpracticesforexperimentaldesignintermsof replication,balanceddesign,blinding,simultaneouscontrolgroups,blocking,randomsampling, randomizationoftreatments 9. ExplaintheapproachofANOVAfordetectingdifferencesbetweenmeansbypartitioningthe totalvariationinallobservationsintothevariationbetweentreatments/groupsandvariation withintreatments/groupsandusingtheFtesttoassesswhetherthevarianceamongtreatment meansislargerthanwouldbeexpectedgivenH0 10. Describethe4conceptualstepsinvolvedinconductingapermutationtestandappropriately conduct,interpretandreportpermutationtests 11. DefinebootstrappingandexplainhowitcanbeusedtocalculateSEandCIforaparameter estimate 12. Explainhowregressiondeterminesthe‘lineofbestfit’betweenXandYandtestwhetheran observedestimateoftheslopeissignificantlydifferentthanpredictedunderH0 13. Explainwhenitisappropriatetousecorrelation(notassumingcausality)insteadoflinear regression(assumingcausality). UseRtoconductandinterpretthefollowingstatisticaltests: - LinearRegression - ANOVA - Singlesamplet-test - Pairedsamplet-test - Permutation(randomizationtest)andBootstrapping - G-testasGoodnessofFitorContingencyAnalysis - Detectdeviationsfromnormalityusingvisualchecks(QQPlots)andformaltests(ShapiroWilk) - Detectdeviationsfromhomoscedasticityusingvisualchecks(QQplots)andformaltests (Bartlett’stest)
