Download THE BLOOD

JOSE S. SANTIAGO M.D.
Blood
 55 percent liquid
 Plasma
 45 percent solid (Hematocrit)
 Formed elements



2
Red blood cells (RBCs) or erythrocytes
White blood cells (WBCs) or leukocytes
Platelets or thrombocytes
Plasma
 Carries fats, proteins,
gases, salts, and
hormones to their
various destinations
 Fats
 Triglyceride, phospholipid
and cholesterol
 Proteins
 Albumin, globulin, and
fibrinogen
3
Plasma
 Serum
 Plasma with fibrinogen and other clotting
factors removed
4
Plasma
 Hematopoiesis-production of blood
cells
Erythropoiesis-production of RBC
Leukopoiesis-production of WBC
Thrombopoiesis-production of
platelets
5
Formed Elements
 Erythrocytes (RBCs)
 Hgb
 Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
 Reticulocytes become RBCs through
erythropoiesis
 Leave bone marrow and enter
bloodstream
 Life span of 120 days
6
Erythrocytes
 Spleen-site of
RBC destruction
 Bone Marrow-
site of RBC
production
Formed Elements
 Leukocytes (WBCs)
 Granular

Eosinophils, basophils, and neutrophils
 Agranular

Monocytes and lymphocytes
 Fight infection
8
Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
 Granulocytes
 Neutrophils
-60-70%
-elevated in acute
bacterial
infections
Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
Granulocytes
Eosinophils
-1-3%
-elevated in
asthma, allergies
and parasitic
infections
Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
Granulocytes
Basophils-0.5-1%
-elevated in certain
skin conditions like
allergic dermatitis
and asthma
Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
 Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes
-25-35%
-elevated in viral
infections
Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)
 Agranulocytes
Monocytes
-3-8%
-largest WBC
-elevated in chronic
infections
-become tissue
macrophages
Formed Elements
Platelets
 Thrombocytes
Clotting mechanism
 Prothrombin and fibrinogen

14
Blood Types
 Antigens
 Substances that stimulate body’s immune
response
 Blood type A and type B
 Rh
15
Blood Types
 Blood classifications:
 A, B, AB, or O
 Type O-universal donor
 Type AB-universal recipient
 If wrong blood given:
 Antibodies form
 Antigen-antibody reaction and agglutination
16
Blood
Type
A
%
41%
Ag
RBC
A
B
12%
B
AB
3%
A&B
O
44%
none
Can
Ab
Can
Plasma Receive Donate
Anti-B A or O A or AB
only
only
Anti-A B or O B or AB
only
only
none
A, B, AB only
AB, O
Anti-A O only
A, B,
Anti-B
AB, O
Additional
Word Parts – Roots
 Anis/o
 Bilirubin/o
 Cholesterol/o
 Granul/o
 Lipid/o
 Norm/o
 Poikil/o
18
unequal
bilirubin
cholesterol
granules
fat
normal
variation; irregular
Additional
Word Parts – Suffixes
 -edema
 -plastic
19
accumulation of fluid
pertaining to the
formation
Additional
Word Parts – Prefix
 Mono-
20
one
Roots
 Chrom/o
 Erythr/o
 Hemat/o; hem/o
 Leuk/o
 Myel/o
 Reticul/o
 Thromb/o
21
color
red
blood
white
bone marrow
network
clot
Suffixes
 -blast
 -crit
 -cytosis
 -emia
 -penia
 -phoresis
22
immature; growing thing
separate
increase in number of
cells
blood condition
deficient; decrease
transmission; carry
Suffixes
 -poiesis
production; manufacture;
formation
 Hematopoiesis
 Erythropoiesis
 Leukopoiesis
 Thrombopoiesis
23
Suffixes
 -poietin
hormone regulating the
production of blood cells
Erythropoietin
24
Suffixes
 -stasis
stopping; controlling
 Hemostasis-control of bleeding
25
Aging
 Decrease in red bone marrow and decreased
production of RBCs
 Not a problem under normal conditions
 If hemorrhage may not be able to produce quickly
enough
 Hgb levels vary between men and women
26
Common Diseases
 Leukemia
 Cancer of the bone marrow
 Malignant increase in WBCs
 Treatment options
27
Abbreviations
 ABO
 CBC
 Diff
 Eos
 ESR
 Hb; Hgb
28
three main blood groups
complete blood count
differential count
eosinophil
erythrocyte sedimentation
rate
hemoglobin
Abbreviations
 HCT; HcT
 Lymphs
 Mono
 PMN
 Polys
29
hematocrit
lymphocytes
monocyte
polymorphonuclear
polymorphonuclear
leukocytes
Abbreviations
 RBC; rbc
 Segs
 WBC; wbc
30
red blood cell
segmented
polymorphonuclear
leukocytes
white blood cell