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ECOLOGY Population Concept Ecosystem Concept Example of ecosystem Cycling and Energy flow Inter-relationship Succession Population Concept Factor affecting population growth Growth curve Survivorshio curves Age pyramids Factors affect population Birth rate (natality) Death rate (mortality) Time to reach sexual maturity Number of individual now Life span Migration Competition Predation Physical factor Growth Curve Population J-shaped curve Population S-shaped curve Time Time S-shaped Curve Population Stationary Log Lag Time Population J- shaped Curve (algae) Nutrient Used up Nutrient added Time Population Survivorship Curve Most animal, plant Fish, crab Life span Man, large animal Age pyramids Growth of human population Medical technology Agricultural technology Less natural disaster Insufficient birth control Control of population Legistration Education Medical method Physical Barrier Contraceptive pill operation Related Web site Ecology: Populations — Growth, range, density, hyperlinks http://gened.emc.maricopa.edu/Bio/BIO181/BIOBK/ BioBookpopecol.html Ecosystem Concept Habitat Population Community Ecosystem Niche Biome Biosphere Habitat Population Community Ecosystem Other Niche = Role of that organism Each organism has specific niche. No two organisms have same niche. Biome = abiotic + biotic factors + Climate Biosphere = all in the earth Related Web site Biomes — Menus http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss5/biome/index.h tml Biomes: World I — 12 biomes outlined http://pc65.frontier.osrhe.edu/hs/science/biome1.htm Biomes: World II — 11 biomes hyperlinked http://www.runet.edu/~swoodwar/CLASSES/GEOG235/bi omes/main.html Example Rocky shore Food chain Primary consumer 2nd trophic Producer 1st trophic Secondary consumer 3rd trophic Tertiary consumer 4th trophic Food Food Web Chain Number pyramids Tree grass Energy flow 2nd consumer Death, excrete Death, excrete Decomposers 3rd consumer 1st consumer (herbivores) Death, excrete Producer (green plant) Sun Death Most energy lost Water cycle Carbon cycle Nitrogen cycle Nitrogen fixing Related Web site Cycles, Chains, Webs Biogeochemical Cycles — Carbon, nitrogen, water http://pc65.frontier.osrhe.edu/hs/science/bcycles.htm Food Chains, Webs, Cycles http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/102/ecosystem.html#Energyflow throughtheecosystem3 Food Pyramids http://www.geog.ouc.bc.ca/physgeog/contents/9o.html Interdependence of organisms Predation Competition Commensalism Mutualism Parasitism Predation prey predator Time Competition Competitor A Competitor B Time Commensalism Host Commensal Time Mutualism symbionts Symbionts Time Parasitism Host Parasite Time Related Web site Competitive exclusion principle — Competition between species (Gauss) http://www.gypsymoth.ento.vt.edu/~sharov/PopEcol/lec11/inter.html Preditor/Prey: Didinium, Paramecium http://www.hi.is/pub/haxi/ritgerdir/pop-ec.htm Symbiosis I — types and discussion http://www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.htm Symbioses II — types and discussion http://www.baylorhealth.com/proceedings/13_3/13_3_dimijian.htm Succession Ecological succession is process by which communities in the ecosystem change with time. For forest succession: Lichen community Algae and mosses Herbs Shrubs Trees Lichen community Algae and mosses Herb community Shrubs community Tree (Climax) Fire succession Related Web site Succession: Ecological I — Well done! Info and illustrations http://library.thinkquest.org/17456/successionall.htm l Succession: Ecological II — Forest Cycle http://www.connix.com/~harry/forest.htm
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