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Biomes & Aquatic
Communities
Biome
A major biological
community
that occurs
over a large
area of land
Aquatic Biomes
Terrestrial Biomes
Biological Communities
The climate dictates which species of
plants, animals, fungus, bacteria, etc.
can survive in a given location
Climatethe prevailing weather conditions in a given
location
Climate
2 most important factors of climate:
1. Temperature
2. Moisture
Biome
General rule:
Temperature & moisture decrease
↓ as latitude increases ↑
30°N
0°
30°S
Biome
A major biological community
that occurs over a large area of
land
7 Terrestrial biomes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Tundra
Desert
Forests
Taiga
Tropical Rain Forest
Savannah
Temperate grassland
Tundra- It’s REALLY cold
here!
Tundra
Located between taiga and
permanent ice
Covers 1/5 of Earth’s land
Low precipitation (less than
25cm p/year)
Most of the year it is frozen
Permanent ice is only 1
meter below the surface
Tundra
What lives in the tundra?
NOT ME!!!!
Tundra
Desert
Desert
Desert
Most extensive in the interior of a
continent
Less than 25cm of water p/yr
DRY!!!!
Little vegetation
Hot Dry Desert
Costal Desert
Cold Desert
What lives in the desert?
Forests
Forests
Forests
Three types of Forest
Biomes
Deciduous Forests
Taiga (boreal) Forests
Tropical Rain Forests
Types of Forests
Temperate Forests
2 types
1. Deciduous forest
2. Evergreen forest
Deciduous Forest
Located eastern U.S.
Mild climate (seasons
change)
Rainfall 75-250cm p/yr
Deciduous Forest
Evergreen Forest
Drier than deciduous forests
Different soil
Predominant evergreen trees
Evergreen Forest
What lives in a temperate
forest?
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Taiga
Taiga
Located in northern hemisphere
(approx. 45°N-70°N)
Cold & wet! (Russia)
Coniferous forests
Tiaga
Taiga
Taiga
What lives in the taiga?
Tropical Rain Forest
Tropical Rain Forest
Tropical Rain Forest
Located nearest the equator
450cm of rainfall per year
Little change throughout the year
Biome with MOST diversity
½ of all Earth’s terrestrial species
High primary productivity
Soil is quite infertile
What lives in the rain forest?
What lives in the rain forest?
Grasslands
Grasslands
Two types of
Grassland Biomes
Tropical Savannahs
Temperate Grasslands
Savanna
Savanna
Located above & below rain forest
Dry grasslands
Tropical areas with low precipitation
(90-150cm p/yr)
Seasonal drought
Temperature fluctuates
Vast open areas with few trees
Home of large grazing animals
What lives in the Savanna?
Savanna
Temperate Grasslands
Temperate Grasslands
Temperate Grasslands
Located halfway between equator
and the poles
Moderate temperature
Aka prairies
Interior of U.S. mostly prairie
Good soil for agriculture
Grasslands
What lives in the grassland?
…or use to
Temperate Grasslands
Review
What are the 7 biomes?
What lives there?
List important facts about each
Aquatic
Communities
Fresh water
Wetlands
Marine
Aquatic Biomes
Freshwater Communities
Lakes, ponds, streams, &
rivers
Only 1.8% of Earth’s surface
Many organisms only live in
freshwater
Freshwater Distribution
Freshwater Communities
Fresh water is found
in:
Lakes
Rivers
Ponds
Swamps
Wetlands
Fresh water Ecosystem
Fresh water Ecosystems
3 Lake Zones
1. Littoral zone
2. Limnetic zone
3. Profundal zone
Freshwater Zones
1.
Littoral zone
•
•
•
•
•
•
Shallow
Near shore
Home of
aquatic plants
Insects
Amphibians
Small fish
Hint: “LITTER” is usually found in the littoral zone
Freshwater zones
2. Limnetic zone
•
•
•
Farther from
the shore
Close to the
surface
Home of
zooplankton,
algae, fish
Freshwater Zones
3. Profundal Zone
deep-water zone
Very little light
Bacteria, wormlike
organisms
Rivers and Streams
Rivers and Streams
Rivers and Streams
Wetlands
Wetlands
Areas covered with a layer of
water
Swamps, marshes
Hydrophytes
Cattails, grasses
One of the most productive
ecosystems!
Wetlands
Wetlands
Wetland Wildlife
What is eutrophication?
1. Increase in an amount of nitrates
(used in fertilizers)
2. This increases the growth of
bacteria & algae
3. Bacteria & algae use the oxygen
4. No oxygen left for the fish 
Marine Communities
¾ Earths surface is covered by ocean
3 types of marine communities:
1.
2.
3.
Shallow Ocean water
Surface of open sea
Ocean depths
Shallow Ocean Waters
Large number of species
Intertidal zone
Many marine invertebrates
Coral reefs
Surface of Open Sea
Plankton
Bacteria, algae, small invertebrates
40% of photosynthesis that takes place
on Earth
Base of ocean food chain
Light only penetrates 100m (328
ft)
What are they eating?
Intertidal Zone
Neritic Zone
Oceanic Zone
The deepest parts of the ocean ….
Ocean Depths
DARKNESS!
Giant squid, anglerfish
Surprise, researchers are finding lots of
biodiversity at these depths (2 miles)
Ocean Depths
Two More!
Two other types of biological
communities complete a
characterization of marine
biomes:
Coral reefs
Estuaries.
Estuaries
Coral Reefs
Coral Reefs