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An Investigation of Escherichia coli O157 in Holstein and Simmental Herds in Central Pennsylvania Lisa L. Smith Department of Biological Sciences, York College of Pennsylvania Methods Introduction Escherichia coli O157:H7 is known to cause human food borne illness. E. coli O157 is a virulent strain of bacteria which produces verotoxins. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli , which produces verotoxins, is a major cause of human disease (Naylor et al 2002).Upon consumption of contaminated food, the verotoxins adhere to the intestinal tract wherein toxins are produced. The toxins are found to Results Test subjects -10 Holstein -10 Simmental All 20 test subjects were found positive for E. coli O157 100% Positive (Figure 1) Discussion Prepare Novobiocin selective enrichment broth The purpose of this was to investigate if Escherichia coli O157 was present in local cattle herds. All samples collected were found to be positive which suggests that E. coli O157 infection in local cattle is cause diarrhea, hemolytic-uremia syndrome, and can in some instances result in death. The most deaths occurring as a result of O157:H7 infections are in children, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Past research has shown cattle to be very prevalent. The results however were inconclusive as to whether there was difference in prevalence Collect 25g Fecal Samples between dairy and beef cattle since all samples were positive. It is thereby alarming to find that local carriers of the bacteria. The E. coli O157 is spread through infected meat, milk, and by causal contact. Over 70,000 cases of E. coli illness, and about 60 deaths occur annually according to the centers for disease control. In September 2000, 15 confirmed cases as well as 36 cases of E. coli O157:H7 infection occurred after the people had visited a dairy farm. Their illness resulted from casual contact with the animals. Rarely, cases also stemmed from drinking unpasteurized milk. The most common source of transmission however is by consumption of infected meat, usually ground beef. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of E. coli Incubate 24 hours 37C •Investigate whether local dairy and beef cattle are carriers of Escherichia coli O157. •Determine the prevalence of infection within the local cattle population. •Discern any difference in E. coli O157 prevalence present among both dairy and beef cattle populations. invaluable in making the public aware of the risks as well as informing them to use proper food handling techniques as well as good hygiene when working with farm animals. A large scale study in the future involving a larger sample size, would be helpful in better determining the prevalence as well as whether contact with either dairy or beef cattle is a greater risk. 10 Positive E. coli Result Objectives enter the food supply via meat, unpasteurized milk, or by casual contact. The results of this study are GLISA E. Coli O157 test kit O157 in beef and dairy cattle herds, and to determine if there was a difference in the prevalence between dairy and beef cattle due to their relative potential impacts on the food supply should they be found positive. cattle are carriers of a potentially virulent strain of E. coli. The potential therefore exists for the bacteria to 8 Literature Reviewed 6 Crump, J.A., Sulka, A.C., Langer, A.J., et al. 2002. An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infections Among Visitors to a Dairy Farm. Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science 347:8 555-560. 4 Montenegro, M.A., Butle, M., Trumpf, T., et al. 1990. Detection and Characterization of Fecal Verotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli from Healthy Cattle. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 28:6 1417-1421. 2 0 Dairy Beef Cattle Figure 1. Displays a positive result for Escherichia coli O157 in all samples (n=20) Naylor, S.W., Low, C., Besser, T.E., et al. 2003 Lymphoid Follicle-Dense Mucosa at the Terminal Rectum Is the Principal Site of Colonization of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the Bovine Host. Infection and Immunity.71:3 15051512. Acknowledgements I wish to thank the following for their continued support and patience: Carolyn Mathur Ph.D., Karl Kleiner Ph.D., Barbara Taylor M.S., Bradley Rehnberg Ph.D., and Sally Hoh B.S.