Download Cardiovascular Lab - Cardiac Cycle, Heart Sounds, Blood Pressure

Cardiovascular Lab – Cardiac
Cycle; Heart Sounds; Blood
Pressure; Disease Risk Factors
Spring 2012
Cardiac Cycle
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Systole – Heart chamber contraction
Diastole – Heart chamber relaxation
Cardiac Cycle
1. Atrial systole – atria contract and push
blood into ventricles
2. Atrial diastole – atria relax
3. Ventricular systole – ventricles contract;
A-V valves close
4. Ventricular diastole – ventricles relax; semi-lunar
valves close
Takes 0.8 seconds at rest; 60 – 80 cycles per minute
Heart Sounds Review
• Two part heart beat
• A-V valves close = “lub”
• Semi-lunar valves close =
“dup”
• Lab process
a. Clean stethoscope
earpieces with prep pad
b. Place in ears; tilt slightly
forward
Blood Pressure
• Sphygmomanometer
• Unit of measure is mm of Mercury (Hg)
• Reading Systolic
Diastolic
– Systolic = force blood is being pumped by
ventricular systole of left ventricle into aorta
– Diastolic = pressure that remains on the walls
of arteries when the left ventricle is in diastole
(resting)
Example: 120/70
Sphygmomanometer
Brachial Artery
Measurement of Blood Pressure
Measurement Process
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Seated, quiet, arm on flat surface, bent at elbow at heart level
Cuff properly placed
A. Automatic – turn machine on; let it “set”; push start
B. Manual – Place stethoscope at proper point
Close screw on gauge and pump up to about 150 – 160 mm Hg
Slowly and steadily release air from cuff by
turning screw on gauge
Watch for needle jerking and listen for thumping sound
Korotkoff sound = spurt of blood through brachial artery
Immediately read as Systolic pressure
Continue to release cuff air pressure until needle stops jerking
and thumping sound disappears
Immediately read as Diastolic pressure
Hypertension = High Blood
Pressure
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Category
(Bottom #)
Desirable
Pre-hypertension
Stage I hypertension
Stage II hypertension
Systolic Pressure (Top #)
Diastolic Pressure
Below 120
120 - 139
140 – 159
160 or higher
Below 80
80 – 89
90 – 99
100 or higher
Note: If you are diabetic or have chronic kidney disease AND a blood pressure
of 130/80 and above, it would be considered hypertensive and a cause for
concern.
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular
Disease
• What are some risk factors for
cardiovascular disease?
Determination of Skeletal Frame
Size