Download Grammar Notes Part Phr.Complements.2012 - English III

Grammar Notes—Participial Phrases/Complements
English III
Marks/Pattisall
Review of Terms
Phrase—a group of words acting as one word
--does not contain a subject and a verb
Verbal—a word formed from a verb but used as a noun, adjective, or adverb
--three types of verbals: participle, gerund, infinitive
Participle—a verb form used as an adjective
--can be the present participle form (-ing) or the past participle form (-ed)
--can come before or after the word it modifies
Adjective—modifies nouns and pronouns
Participial Phrases

Contains a participle and its accompanying words
o May contain one or more prepositional phrases
 Example
 Amazed by his success, the scientist continued his work.

Sitting in his office, he reread the instructions.

Edison, experimenting with different materials in his laboratory, improved the
light bulb.

o
May be modified by an adverb
 Example
 The rapidly approaching storm worried everyone.

o
The train, steadily increasing speed, raced along the tracks.
May contain a direct object
 Example
 Fearing failure, the scientist almost abandoned his work.




The crowd was watching the inventor testing his new creation.
Gaining confidence, he succeeded.
Acts as one word
Modifies nouns and pronouns
May come before or after the word it modifies
Complements
Direct Objects (DO)






A noun or pronoun in the predicate
Follows an action verb (AV)
Receives the action of the verb
Answers the questions Who? Or What? after the action verb
Basic Sentence Pattern—Subject – Action Verb – Direct Object
Examples
o Sally baked (AV) a cake (DO).
o
Joey wanted (AV) a bike (DO).
o
Mary visited (AV) her (DO).
Indirect Objects (IO)

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

A noun or pronoun in the predicate
Follows an action verb (AV)
Answers the questions To Whom/What? or For Whom/What? the action of the verb is done
Basic Sentence Pattern—Subject – Action Verb – Indirect Object – Direct Object
Examples
o Sally baked (AV) Grandma (IO) a cake (DO).
o
Joey gave (AV) Mom (IO) a present (DO).
o
Mary wrote (AV) Dave (IO) a letter (DO).
**There must be a direct object in order to have an indirect object.
Predicate Nouns/Nominatives (PN)

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

A noun in the predicate
Follows a linking verb (LV)
Renames the subject
Basic Sentence Pattern—Subject – Linking Verb – Predicate Noun
Examples
o Sally is (LV) a cheerleader (PN).
o Cheese is (LV) my favorite dairy product (PN).
o Cheddar remains (LV) my favorite cheese (PN).
Predicate Adjectives (PA)





An adjective in the predicate
Follows a linking verb (LV)
Describes the subject
Basic Sentence Pattern—Subject – Linking Verb – Predicate Adjective
Examples
o Sally seems (LV) happy (PA).
o Joey was (LV) a student-athlete (PA).
o Mom will be (LV) mad (PA).
**There will never be a direct/indirect object and a predicate noun/adjective following the same verb!!!!!