Download I2 Air Infuser protocol for bio-fouling water systems.

Bacterial reduction in water and surfaces using the
I2 Air Infusion method.
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Protocol and application is based upon the art and science of U.S. Patent No.
7,329,385 and is the intellectual property of the inventor(s).
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The I2 method of disinfection was developed to reduce bacteria in fluids and
objects held within the fluid while eliminating many of the contraindications
and the problems associated with iodine use as a disinfectant.
Why does iodine kill micro-organisms?
Iodine is a potent broad-spectrum biocide. Iodine (I2) accepts an electron (e-) from the molecule it
is reacting with through a process called oxidation that turns the iodine molecule into the nonbiocidal iodide (I-) ion. When in contact with micro-organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and
protozoa, iodine is able to rapidly penetrate the cell wall and oxidise a number of critical
components within the cell’s respiratory chain. Trace quantities (e.g., a few ppm) of elemental
iodine (I2) is sufficient to cross the lipid bi-layer of cells and kill micro-organisms. Extensive studies
have also shown that microorganisms are incapable of developing resistance against elemental
iodine. Iodine has also been found to be effective against nematodes and various larvae as well.
Although there are many forms of iodine, elemental iodine (I2) has been shown to have the
greatest antimicrobial action of all the iodine species. It has been used by NASA onboard space
shuttle missions for water disinfection with success.
Iodine is typically introduced to water in an aqueous form or through contact with an iodinated
resin bed as used on the shuttle. Water quality; turbidity, pH, temperature and other conditions
can reduce anti-microbial action or increase concentration or contact time needed for inactivation.
Additionally, high residual iodine can present systemic problems in certain individuals.
The I2 method uses gaseous iodine to improve anti-microbial action, reduce contact time and
concentration through rapid penetration of the cell wall by elemental iodine due to increased
permeability.
Iodine introduction is done via elution of gaseous I2 off the surface of an iodinated resin bead into
an air stream which creates a bubble containing I2 gas within a fluid. As the bubble rises to the
surface it scavenges bacteria during its upward path. The bubble increases contact through ionic
attraction, surface tension and mechanical displacement.
As the bacteria contacts the surface of the bubble, I2 gases permeates the cell wall and disrupts the
respiratory chain. The I2 vapor is of very low concentration but repeated interaction ensures
bacterial inactivation. Additionally, some of the I2 gas sublimates into the fluid providing for a
varied entry mode and residual low dose dietary iodine. After interaction with the bacteria the I2 is
converted into iodide.
This method allows for rapid bacterial reduction without undue iodine concentration and without
lengthy exposure times. Thousands of gallons of water can be treated with only grams per month
in iodine use. The protocol requires only an air source, iodine resin cartridge, bubbling medium
and receiving vessel. Concentration is controlled by resin volume and exposure time as well as air
flow.
The additional benefit is that the container and all its components are sanitized by the released I2
vapor. This vapor can be used to sanitize items within the fluid such as wounds, fruits, vegetables,
or dressings. This vapor can be captured by a simple carbon filter prior to release into the
atmosphere if needed.
As planktonic bacteria are captured on the surface of the
The
I2 infused
air molecule
eliminates
free the
floating
bacteria
bubble,
the gaseous
I2 within,
permeates
cell wall
where
through
a biocidal
vapor/cell wall
key amino
acids
in the respiratory
chaininteraction.
are broken down.
Some iodine within the bubble sublimates into the water
providing for a varied entry mode.
After protein interaction, the I2 converts to Eco-friendly iodide.
As I2 infused bubbles perfuse the water, bacterial
counts are reduced. Vessel and components held
within are sanitized as well. Most of the I2 is imparted
into the air, reducing iodine residue.
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