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PART II SUMMARY TABLE Joint Articulations of the Upper Extremity Type Bones Ligaments Movement Shoulder girdle Sternoclavicular Arthrodial (saddle/gliding) Sternum and clavicle • Sternoclavicular (anterior, superior, and posterior) • Costoclavicular • Interclavicular • (Articular disc) Elevation/depression, rotation, protraction/retraction Acromioclavicular Arthrodial (plane) Clavicle and scapula • Acromioclavicular • Coracoclavicular (conoid and trapezoid) • Coracoacromial (for protection of glenohumeral joint) • (Articular disc) Elevation/depression, rotation, protraction/retraction, winging (posterior movement to keep scapula close to the thorax during the abduction of the scapula), tipping (rotation to keep scapula close to the thorax during elevation of scapula) Shoulder joint Glenohumeral Ball and socket Humerus and scapula • Glenohumeral (superior, middle, and inferior) • Coracohumeral • Transverse humeral (keeps long-head biceps tendon in intertubercular groove) • Labrium (deepens socket of the glenoid fossa) • Capsule Flexion, extension, (hyperextension), abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation Scapulothoracic (False joint) Scapula and thorax • No ligaments (fascia of the serratus anterior muscle and fascia from the thorax) Elevation, depression, abduction, (protraction), adduction, (retraction), upward and downward rotation and tilt of the scapula on the thorax Elbow Humeroulnar Hinge Humerus and ulna • Capsule • Medial (ulnar) collateral (3 bands: anterior, posterior, and transverse) Flexion and extension Radiohumeral Irregular (gliding) Humerus and radius • Lateral (radial) collateral • Annular Flexion, extension, and rotation (pronation/supination) Radioulnar (proximal) Pivot Radius and ulna • Annular Pronation and supination Forearm Radioulnar (middle) Syndesmosis Radius and ulna • Oblique cord • Interosseous membrane Slight (if any) Radioulnar (distal) Pivot Radius, ulna (and articular disc) • Capsule • Dorsal radioulnar • Volar (palmar) radioulnar Pronation and supination Wrist Radiocarpal Condyloid (gliding) Radius, scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum • Capsule • Radial collateral • Ulnar collateral • Dorsal radioulnar • Volar (palmar) radioulnar Flexion, extension, abduction, (radial deviation), adduction, (ulnar deviation) From Kinetic Anatomy, Second Edition by Robert S. Behnke, 2006, Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Wrist Ulnarcarpal (not part of the wrist) Irregular (gliding) Ulna, pisiform, triquetrum • Capsule • Ulnar collateral • Articular disc Gliding Wrist: intercarpals Proximal row Arthrodial (gliding) Radius, scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum • Capsule • Flexor (volar) retinaculum • Extensor (dorsal) retinaculum • Radial collateral • Ulnar collateral • Volar (palmar) intercarpal • Dorsal intercarpal Gliding Middle Hinge (gliding) Proximal and distal rows of carpals • Capsule • Volar (palmar) intercarpal • Dorsal intercarpal • Interosseous intercarpal • Radial collateral • Ulnar collateral • Pisohamate • Pisometacarpal Gliding Distal row Irregular (gliding) Trapezius, trapezoid, capitate, hamate • Capsule • Volar (palmar) intercarpal • Dorsal intercarpal • Interosseous intercarpal Gliding Hand and fingers Carpometacarpal Modified saddle Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate, (4) metacarpals • Capsule • Volar carpometacarpal • Dorsal carpometacarpal • Interosseous carpometacarpal • (Volar accessory) Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, slight opposition of fifth Metacarpophalangeal Condyloid (4) metacarpals, (4) proximal phalanges • Transverse metacarpal • Capsule • Radial collateral • Ulnar collateral • (Volar accessory) Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, Proximal interphalangeal Hinge (4) proximal phalanges and (4) middle phalanges • Capsule • Radial collateral • Ulnar collateral • (Volar accessory) Flexion, extension Distal interphalangeal Hinge (4) middle phalanges and (4) distal phalanges • Capsule • Radial collateral • Ulnar collateral • (Volar accessory) Flexion, extension Thumb Carpometacarpal Saddle Trapezium and 1st metacarpal • Capsule Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, opposition Metacarpophalangeal Hinge 1st metacarpal and proximal phalanx • Capsule • Radial collateral • Ulnar collateral • (Dorsal accessory) Flexion, extension Interphalangeal Hinge Proximal phalanx and distal phalanx • Capsule • Radial collateral • Ulnar collateral • (Volar accessory) Flexion, extension From Kinetic Anatomy, Second Edition by Robert S. Behnke, 2006, Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
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