Download + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Covalent Bond

Ionic
Covalent
Hydrogen
Molecular Organization
Cell: Collection of compounds,
smallest unit of living organism
Compound: Combination
of 2 or more elements
Molecule: Bonding of
1 or more elements
Element: made of
one type of atom
Atom: smallest unit
CO2
NaCl
C6H12O6
OR
H
Li
6 Essential Elements
He
Be
B
C
N
O
F Ne
Na Mg
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
K
Ca Sc
Rb Sr
Y
Ti
V
Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir
Fr
Pt Au Hg Ti
Pb
Bi
I
H
O
N
P
These six elements are found
in all living organisms.
Xe
Po At Rn
Ra Ac Rf Ha Ha
C
Ar
S
Carbon is an element.
6
+
+
+
+
+
+
S
C
carbon
12.11
6 atomic number
How many protons?
=
6 atomic mass
How many neutrons?
How many energy levels? 2
How many electrons?
6
Chemical Bonding
• What is a bond?
– Attraction that holds atoms together,
resulting in different forms of matter.
• Ex: NaCl-a.k.a Table Salt
– Sodium (Na) is a metal
that explodes in water.
– Chlorine (Cl) is a
poisonous gas.
– When bonded together,
they become the
compound salt (Sodium
Chloride).
Types of Bonds
• Covalent Bonds – sharing of electrons
• Ionic Bonds – gaining or losing
electrons
• Hydrogen Bonds – how polar molecules
“stick” together
Covalent Bonding
BEFORE
H
H
++
+ +
++
C
H
+
H
4H + C
Covalent Bonding
AFTER
++
+ +
++
+
CH4 (Methane)
Covalent Bonding
is the sharing of
electrons between
atoms
Covalent Bonding
Characteristics
• Carbon likes to form covalent bonds
• Covalent bonding is found in organic
compounds
• Covalent bonds are very strong
Ionic Bonding
BEFORE
+++++
+
Na
Cl
Ionic Bonding
BEFORE
+++++
+
Na
Cl
++
+ +
++
Ionic Bonding
Na
Cl
BEFORE
++
+ +
++
AFTER
Ionic bonding
is when an
atom gains or
loses electrons
Na+
++
+ +
++
Cl-
Ionic Bonding
Characteristics
• Ionic bonds are not typically found in
organic compounds
• Ionic compounds are soluble in water
(they disassociate/dissolve in water)
• Ionic compounds conduct electricity
when they disassociate
Hydrogen Bonds
Negative
O
++
+ +
++
H
Covalent Bond
H
++
+ +
++
H2O
Positive
• Oxygen has 8 protons in its nucleus, where
hydrogen has only 1.
• Because of the uneven distribution of
charges, water is called a polar molecule.
Hydrogen Bonding
Characteristics
Hydrogen Bond
(-)
• The water molecules are
covalently bonded.
• They “stick” together
because they are polar.
• The polar-covalent
molecules “sticking”
together is called the
hydrogen bond.
(+)
Organic vs. Inorganic
• Organic Compounds contain a
carbon-hydrogen bond (C6H12O6, CH4)
C6H12O6
• Inorganic Compounds do not
contain a carbon-hydrogen bond
(CO2, H2O)