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Homer’s Odyssey The epic journey and return of the hero The Greeks believed in: •Self-worth: Any individual could be important •Self-responsibility: People should be responsible for creating their own happiness •Self-rule: Ordinary people could create a sensible government • how to fight (Iliad) • how to feel (Odyssey) • how to party (poetry) • how to rule (politics and plays) • how to think (philosophy) • how to see (art) from Sailing the Wine-Dark Sea by Thomas Cahill • • • For the ancient Greeks, the sea was everything. Men were traders, explores, adventurers Greeks shared language and traditions but never formed official country Maybe some Greek word elements will help… Go to our Edmodo site and take a short quiz. Stories that attempt to answer questions, explain natural phenomenon, and meet religious needs Stories that express a culture’s attitude toward life, death, and the universe Stories of gods, goddess, and heroes Stories that make order out of the chaos of experience Stories that explain things which never happen that are always true Composition of Homer epics, Iliad and Odyssey around 750 B.C.E. legends of Homer as blind, wandering poet/minstrel role of epic poetry as historical record, educational tool, courtly entertainment epic poem as simultaneous glorification and criticism of heroic culture Trojan War c. 1200 B.C.E.--10 year Greek attack and siege of the city of Troy in northwestern Asia Minor (today’s Turkey) An epic is a long narrative poem that tells of the adventure of a larger-than-life hero who in some way embodies the values of their civilization. • • • • • • • • • Recited aloud from memory A subject of national significance Elements of the supernatural Use of simile and metaphor Elevated/formal language A descent into the underworld A vast setting A beginning in medias res (“in the middle of things”) An invocation of the muse (one who inspires poetry) • Protagonist main character • Antagonist enemy, rival, or opponent of the protagonist • Setting ancient Mediterranean world after the Trojan War, circa 1200 BCE • Techniques Homeric simile, epithets • Conflicts • man vs. self • man vs. nature • man vs. fate • man vs. divine