Download ALIMENTARY CANAL

BIO 139
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
II
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM LAB
ANALOGY PAGES 248-265
MARY CATHERINE FLATH, PH.D.
DIGESTIVE ORGANS
ALIMENTARY CANAL
◦ MOUTH
◦ PHARYNX
◦ ESOPHAGUS
◦ STOMACH
◦ SMALL INTESTINE
◦ LARGE INTESTINE
ACCESSORY ORGANS
◦ SALIVARY GLANDS
◦ PANCREAS
◦ LIVER
◦ GALLBLADDER
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THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM FUNCTION
◦ BREAKDOWN FOOD INTO SUBSTANCES THAT
CAN BE ABSORBED (FOR CELLULAR
RESPRIATION = ENERGY)
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ALIMENTARY
CANAL
F R OM M O UTH TO A NUS
C H ARACTE RI STI C WA L L S T R UC TURE
SP H INCTER M USCLES B E TWEEN O R GANS
M O V E M E N T O F F O O D B Y P E R I S TA L S I S
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ALIMENTARY WALL STRUCTURE
MUCOSA
SUBMUCOSA
MUSCULARIS
SEROSA
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SPHINCTER MUSCLES
PREVENT REGURGITATION OF FOOD
◦GASTROESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER
◦PYLORIC SPHINCTER
◦ILEOCECAL VALVE
◦ANAL SPHINCTERS
◦INTERNAL
◦EXTERNAL
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MOVEMENTS
THROUGH THE
ALIMENTARY CANAL
MIXING
PERISTALSIS
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ORGANS OF THE ALIMENTARY
CANAL
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THE MOUTH
SITE OF MECHANICAL DIGESTION; THE FIRST
SITE OF CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTON:
SALIVARY AMYLASE
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SALIVARY GLANDS
SECRETE SALIVA,
A WATERY FLUID CONTAINING
SALIVARY AMYLASE INTO FOOD IN MOUTH;
SALIVARY AMYLASE CHEMICALLY BREAKS
POLYSACCHARIDES (GLYCOGEN AND
STARCH) INTO DISACCHARIDES
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DEGLUTITION
THE PHARYNX
THE THROAT:
COMMON PASSAGEWAY FOR FOOD
(DIGESTIVE SYSTEM) AND AIR
(RESPIRATORY SYSTEM)
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THE ESOPHAGUS
CARRIES THE SWALLOWED BOLUS OF FOOD
TO THE STOMACH THROUGH PERISTALSIS
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THE STOMACH
Take a few minutes and perform the
deglutition exercise
SEPARATE HANDOUT
THE FIRST SITE OF CHEMICAL DIGESTION
OF PROTEINS THROUGH THE ENZYME
PEPSIN,
WHICH BREAKS PROTEINS INTO PEPTIDES.
4
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SEM of Gastric Pit with gastric glands
secreting pepsin and HCl
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THE PANCREAS
*
SECRETES PANCREATIC JUICE
CONTAINING AMYLASE,
PROTEINASES, LIPASES, AND
NUCLEASES INTO DUODENUM;
THESE ENZYMES BREAK DOWN EACH
OF THE MACROMOLECULES WE
INGEST
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Take a look
at the
pancreas
Slide:
The
portions other
than the Islets
are digestive.
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D
U
O
D
E
N
U
M
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PANCREAS
THE LIVER
PRODUCES BILE WHICH EMULSIFIES
FATS IN THE DUODENUM
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BILE EMULSIFIES FAT
INCREASES ITS SURFACE AREA
FOR MORE EFFECTIVE DIGESTION BY LIPASES
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Liver Histology: Hepatic Lobule = take a
look at the liver slide
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THE GALLBLADDER
STORES BILE (PRODUCED IN LIVER) BETWEEN MEALS;
BILE IS
DEPOSITED BILE INTO THE DUODENUM
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THE SMALL INTESTINE
SITE OF COMPLETION OF DIGESTION ( DUODENUM;
LACTASE, SUCRASE, MALTASE, DUODENAL PEPTIDASES;
LIPASES)
SITE OF ABSORPTION OF SIMPLE NUTRIENTS ( JEJUNUM
& ILEUM)
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THE SMALL INTESTINE IS SUSPENDED
IN THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY BY
MESENTERY
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INTESTINAL MUCOSA
LINING IS SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM WITH GOBLET CELLS AND
MICROVILLI
INTESTINAL VILLI ARE LINED BY INTESTINAL GLANDS
INTESTINAL VILLI HAVE A LACTEAL IN THEIR CORE
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LM OF
INTESTINAL
VILLI
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ULTRASTRUCTURE OF SMALL
INTESTINE
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A LACTEAL
Intestinal
Wall Model:
Note
Lacteals
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SIMPLE COLUMNAR ET: DUODENUM~LOW POWER~
LAB LIGHT
MICROGRAPHS OF
THE SMALL
INTESTINE
INTESTINAL
VILLI
OBTAIN SIMPLE COLUMNAR ET OR DUODENUM
SLIDE
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SIMPLE COLUMNAR ET: DUODENUM~HIGH POWER~
SIMPLE COLUMNAR ET: DUODENUM ~OIL IMMERSION~
SIMPLE COLUMNAR ET
GOBLET CELLS IN SIMPLE COLUMNAR ET
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THE LARGE INTESTINE
SITE OF REABSORPTION OF WATER FROM CHYME
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LM OF
LARGE
INTESTINE
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Digestive Fetal Pig Dissection
The Large Intestine
Mouth Cavity
◦tongue, teeth, hard palate, soft palate, pharynx,
epiglottis, probe into glottis →larynx/trachea, and
probe into pharynx →esophagus
Thoracic Cavity - esophagus
Abdominopelvic Cavity
◦liver, gallbladder, stomach with rugae & pyloric
sphincter, spleen, pancreas, small intestine with
mesentery, spiral colon/large intestine, cecum,
rectum, anus
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*****
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Larynx
Trachea
Thymus gland
Thyroid gland
Lungs
Heart
Diaphragm
Liver
Spleen
Small Intestine
Large Intestine (Spiral Colon)
Urinary
(allantoic)
Bladder
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Umbilical
Arteries
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External Nares
Hard Palate
Soft Palate
Opening into
Nasopharynx
Epiglottis
Tongue
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PRACTICE LAB
DIGESTIVE QUIZ
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SIMPLE COLUMNAR ET: DUODENUM~HIGH POWER~
SIMPLE COLUMNAR ET
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NAME THE SCIENTIFIC TERM FOR
SWALLOWING
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DEGLUTITION
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A LACTEAL
Name the
structure.
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Green
Lacteals
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D
U
O
D
E
N
U
M
PANCREAS
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Take a look
at the
pancreas
slide
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Name the organ.
pancreas
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Green: Gallbladder; White: Stomach;
Red: Spleen
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White: pancreas
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Name the organ
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Name the organ or structure.
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Yellow: Right Lung; Black: Diaphragm; Green:
Liver.
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Name the structure(s)
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Rectum down back wall;
Female with Ovaries and Uterine Horns
Name the organ.
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Green: Liver;
Red: Small Intestines with Mesentery
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Name the organ.
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Rectum.
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*****
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Good luck studying
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