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CS441
CURRENT TOPICS IN
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Lecture 22
George Koutsogiannakis Summer 2011
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Topics
• Web Services- APIs used in EE5
– JAX-RPC (before EE5)
– JAX-WS
– JAXB
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Web Services-JAX-RPC
• JAX-RPC enables a Web Service endpoint to be developed using
either a Java Servlet or Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) component
model.
• A Web service endpoint is deployed on either the Web container or
EJB container based on the corresponding component model.
• These endpoints are described using a WSDL document. This WSDL
document can be published in public or private registry, though this
is not required.
• A client uses this WSDL document and invokes the Web service
endpoint.
• A JAX-RPC client can use stubs-based, dynamic proxy or dynamic
invocation interface (DII) programming models to invoke a
heterogeneous Web service endpoint.
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Web Services-JAX-RPC
• RPC stands for Remote Procedure Call.
– A protocol used by Microsoft in their systems.
– RMI (and its offsprings) is similar to RPC.
• JAX-RPC allows the communication of a web
service client with a web component/ejb
session bean so that the web service can be
invoked via the business rules model.
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Web Services-JAX-RPC
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Web Services-JAX-RPC
• It is assumed that the client is aware of the Web service and the remote
procedure that it can execute on the Web service. This is what happens:
– The client calls the method on the stub that represents the remote
procedure.
– The stub executes the necessary routines on the JAX-RPC runtime
system.
– The runtime system converts this method call into a SOAP message
and transmits the message to the server as an HTTP request.
– The server, upon receipt of the SOAP message, invokes the methods
on the JAX-RPC runtime. The JAX-RPC runtime converts the SOAP
request into a method call.
– The JAX-RPC runtime then calls the method on the tie object.
– Finally, the tie object calls the method on the implementation of the
Web service.
– The response to the RPC call is sent in a SOAP response message as an
HTTP response.
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Web Services-JAX-RPC
• The Web service is represented by two files:
the service definition interface, and the
corresponding implementation class.
• The service definition interface and the
implementation class are collectively known
as the service endpoint.
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EE5 and Web Services-JAX-WS
• Java EE5 provides annotations for Web
Services.
• JAX-WS 2.0 is the new API for web services in
the Java EE 5 platform and it is a successor to
JAX-RPC.
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EE5 and Web Services-JAX-WS
• Example comparing the approach between JAX-RPC and JAX-WS 2.0
• JAX-RPC Web Service:
public interface HelloService extends Remote {
public String sayHello(String name) throws RemoteException;
}
public class HelloServiceBean implements SessionBean {
public String sayHello(String name)
{
return "Hello "+ name + " from HelloServiceBean";
}
}
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EE5 and Web Services-JAX-WS
• Example using JAX-WS 2.0
• @WebService public class HelloServiceBean
{
public String sayHello(String name)
{
return "Hello "+ name + " from
HelloServiceBean";
}
}
• Notice that:
– No need for an interface!
– The @WebService annotation defines the class as a web service end
point.
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EE5 and Web Services-JAX-WS
• Here is another example with more annotations:
@WebService(name=”CreditRatingService”,
targetNamespace=”http://example.org”)
public class CreditRating {
@WebMethod(operationName=”getCreditScore”)
public Score getCredit(
@WebParam(name=”customer”)
Customer c
{
// ... implementation code ...
}
}
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EE5 and Web Services-JAX-WS
Our diagram is now revised to show that the JAX-WS runtime environment
is used instead of JAX-RPC.
Notice that the service can also be an ejb.
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EE5 and Web Services-JAX-WS
• You may specify an explicit interface by adding
the endpointInterface element to the
@WebService annotation in the
implementation class.
• You must then provide an interface that
defines the public methods made available in
the endpoint implementation class.
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EE5 and Web Services-JAX-WS
• The wsgen tool and the Application Server
provide the Application Server’s
implementation of JAX-WS.
– wsgen generates all articrafts (files) needed for
the implementation of the web service.
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EE5 and Web Services-JAX-WS
• Building a Web Service With Java WSDP 2.0
– Write an endpoint implementation class.
– Compile the endpoint implementation class.
– Generate portable artifacts required for web service by using wsgen
tool.
– Package the web service as a WAR file and deploy it.
– Code the client class.
– Use wsimport tool to generate and compile the web service artifacts needed
to connect to the service.
– Compile the client class.
– Run the client.
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EE5 and Web Services-JAX-WS
• Suppose our end point service class is:
package helloservice.endpoint;
import javax.jws.WebService;
@WebService
public class Hello
{
private String message = new String("Hello, ");
public void Hello() {} //constructor
@WebMethod public String sayHello(String name)
{
return message + name + ".";
}
}
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EE5 and Web Services-JAX-WS
• You can build, package, and deploy the helloservice
application using either NetBeans IDE or ant.
• Notice that the WSDL file is generated automaticaly
(as well as the descriptor files needed).
• Also, notice that XML is totally hidden from the
developer.
• Keep in mind that annotations come with attributes:
i.e. the @WebService annotation has attributes:
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EE5 and Web Services-JAX-WS
–
–
–
–
–
–
endpointInterface
name
portName
serviceName
targetNamespace
wsdlLocation
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EE5 and Web Services-JAX-WS
• Coding the Client
• When invoking the remote methods on the port, the client
performs these steps:
– Uses the javax.xml.ws.WebServiceRef annotation to declare a
reference to a web service.
– @WebServiceRef uses the wsdlLocation element to specify the URI of
the deployed service’s WSDL file.
– @WebServiceRef(wsdlLocation="http://localhost:8080/helloservice/h
ello?wsdl") static HelloService service;
– Retrieves a proxy to the service, also known as a port, by invoking
getHelloPort on the service.
– Hello port = service.getHelloPort();The port implements the SEI
defined by the service.
– Invokes the port’s sayHello method, passing to the service a name.
– String response = port.sayHello(name);
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EE5 and Web Services-JAX-WS
• public class HelloClient {
@WebServiceRef(wsdlLocation="http://localhost:8080/
helloservice/hello?wsdl")
static HelloService service;
………………………………………………………
Hello port = service.getHelloPort();
String response = port.sayHello(name);
System.out.println(response);
…………………………………………………………….
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EE5 and Web Services-JAXB
• JAX-WS delegates the mapping of the Java
language data types to JAXB API.
– JAXB stands for Java Architecture for XML Binding.
– JAXB converts XML schemas to Java Content trees
(see example in previous lecture of a content tree)
and vice versa.
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EE5 and Web Services-JAXB
Architecture.
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EE5 and Web Services-JAXB
Architecture.
• Basically JAXB is the translator of XML
schemas (and data types) to Java and vice
versa.
– Since the WSDL describes the XML schema there
is a need to translate that schema to Java.
– It is the job of JAXB to do just that.
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EE5 and Web Services-JAXB
Architecture.
• XML Schema Type
xsd:string
xsd:integer
xsd:int
xsd.long
xsd:short
xsd:decimal
xsd:float
Java Data Type
java.lang.String
java.math.BigInteger
int
long
short
java.math.BigDecimal
float
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EE5 and Web Services-JAXB
Architecture
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EE5 and Web Services-JAXB
Architecture
• Generate classes: An XML schema is used as input to the JAXB binding
compiler to generate JAXB classes based on that schema.
• Compile classes: All of the generated classes, source files, and application
code must be compiled.
• Unmarshal: XML documents written according to the constraints in the
source schema are unmarshalled by the JAXB binding framework. Note
that JAXB also supports unmarshalling XML data from sources other than
files/documents, such as DOM nodes, string buffers, SAX Sources, and so
forth.
• Generate content tree: The unmarshalling process generates a content
tree of data objects instantiated from the generated JAXB classes; this
content tree represents the structure and content of the source XML
documents.
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EE5 and Web Services-JAXB
Architecture
• Validate (optional): The unmarshalling process optionally involves
validation of the source XML documents before generating the content
tree. Note that if you modify the content tree in step below, you can also
use the JAXB Validate operation to validate the changes before marshalling
the content back to an XML document.
• Process content: The client application can modify the XML data
represented by the Java content tree by means of interfaces generated by
the binding compiler.
• Marshal: The processed content tree is marshalled out to one or more
XML output documents. The content may be validated before marshalling.
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EE5 and Web Services-NetBeans
support.
• NetBeans 6.5 provides support for web
services using JAX-WS and JAXB.
• For more information on how to use NetBeans
to develop a web service by utilizing JAX-WS
and JAXB see the NetBeans tutorial at:
http://www.netbeans.org/kb/docs/websvc/jaxws.html
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Study Guide
•
•
•
•
EE5 Tutorial text chapter 15.
EE5 Tutorial text chapter 16
NetBeans tutorial online.
EE5 Tutorial chapters 11,12
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