Download Newton`s third law

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This week’s homework …. 2 parts
Quiz on Friday, Ch. 4
Today’s class:
 Newton’s third law
 Friction
 Pulleys
 tension
PHYS 2: Chap. 19, Pg 2
1
New Topic
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 3
A 2.0 kg wood box slides
down a vertical wood wall
at a constant speed while
you push upward on it at a
45° angle. For wood on
wood, the coefficient of
kinetic friction is µk = 0.20.
What is Fpush?
  What magnitude of force
should you apply to
cause the box to slide
down with a 0.1 g
acceleration?
 
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 4
2
A 2.0 kg wood box slides
down a vertical wood wall
at a constant speed while
you push upward on it at a
45° angle. For wood on
wood, the coefficient of
kinetic friction is µk = 0.20.
What is Fpush?
  What magnitude of force
should you apply to
cause the box to slide
down with a 0.1 g
acceleration?
 
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 5
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
By Group Number:
of an eraser on a whiteboard?
of an upside-down eraser on a whiteboard?
of a book on a whiteboard?
of a calculator on a whiteboard?
of a pen (not rolling) on a whiteboard?
Steps:
Brainstorm how to do this
Make calculations, estimate the value
Get your materials -- ask me or Qi for help here
Make measurements
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 6
3
Myosin motors move along actin fibers in living
things as seen in these videos made by atomic
force microscopy (AFM):
Newton’s Third Law at work to
a) Contract muscles
b) Carry cargo
c) Move cilia
6.8 fps, Scan area, 150 × 75 nm2
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 7
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 8
4
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 9
New Topic
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 10
5
A
B
Is boxing glove A hitting glove B,
or is glove B hitting glove A?
The gloves
hit each other
For every action there is an
equal and opposite reaction.
For the boxing gloves:
Action:
A pushes on B
Reaction: B pushes on A
FA on B = – FB on A
Action and Reaction forces:
• have the same magnitude
• are in opposite directions
• act on different objects
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 11
Action: force of the Earth on the apple (gravity)
Reaction: NOT force of the table on the apple
BUT force of the apple on the Earth
How can a table exert a force on an apple?
No apple, no force
With the apple, the table bends
ever so slightly so there is a force
upward (like a diving board)
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 12
6
ice
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 13
This is why you need to
use a Free Body Diagram
and consider the net
force on the block… only
Fman on block
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 14
7
Two blocks of masses 2m and m
are in contact on a horizontal
frictionless surface. If a force F
is applied to mass 2m, what is
the force on mass m ?
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 15
Two blocks of masses 2m and m
are in contact on a horizontal
frictionless surface. If a force F
is applied to mass 2m, what is
the force on mass m ?
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 16
8
T
mg
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 17
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 18
9
Summary
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 19
 
You tie a rope to a tree and
you pull on the rope with a
1. 
1 of 100 N. What is the
force
2. 
2
tension
in the rope?
3. 
3
4. 
5. 
4
5
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 20
10
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You tie a rope to a tree and
you pull on the rope with a
force of 100 N. What is the
tension in the rope?
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 21
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Two tug-of-war opponents each
pull with a force of 100 N on
1.  1
opposite
ends of a rope. What
2.  2
is the tension in the rope?
3. 
4. 
5. 
3
4
5
(1) 0 N
(2) 50 N
(3) 100 N
(4) 150 N
(5) 200 N
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 22
11
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Two tug-of-war opponents each
pull with a force of 100 N on
opposite ends of a rope. What
is the tension in the rope?
(1) 0 N
(2) 50 N
(3) 100 N
(4) 150 N
(5) 200 N
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 23
A 200.0-N sign is suspended from a horizontal strut of negligible weight. The
force exerted on the strut by the wall is horizontal. Draw an FBD to show the
forces acting on the strut. Find the tension T in the diagonal cable supporting
the strut.
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 24
12
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In an electricity experiment, an electrically charged plastic
ball (mass = 100 g) is suspended on a 60 cm long string.
When a charged rod is brought near the ball, the rod exerts
a horizontal electrical force Felec on it, causing the ball to
swing out to a 20° angle and remain at rest there.
What is the magnitude of the electric force Felec?
What is the tension in the string?
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 25
When two or more objects are connected by strings, pulleys, or are rigidly
connected, then they no longer move independently. The constraints
between their positions, velocities and accelerations can be used to ease
the solving of their motion.
For example in the picture below, all three types of constraints are in play:
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Ropes: Masses 1 and 2 move and
accelerate at the same rate
Pulleys: The velocity of the masses is equal to
the radius times the angular velocity of the
pulley (as are the linear and angular
accelerations
Rigid body: All points at a given distance from the pulley center have the
same acceleration.
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 26
13
For each picture, write the acceleration constraint in terms of components. For
example, write (a1)x = (a2)y, if that is the appropriate answer, rather than a1 = a2
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 27
Often in physics and engineering problems the
mass of the string or rope is much less than the
masses of the objects that it connects. In such
cases, we can adopt the following massless string
approximation:
Third law: TsonA = TsonB
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 28
14
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 29
A.  Equal to
B.  Greater than
C.  Less than
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 30
15
A.  Equal to
B.  Greater than
C.  Less than
Each block feels an upward force of 490 N,
which is provided by the tension.
Therefore both ropes have the same
tension.
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 31
A.  Equal to
B.  Greater than
C.  Less than
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 32
16
A.  Equal to
B.  Greater than
C.  Less than
The blocks are accelerating, since there is
no force to hinder block A. This means
that the net force on B {mg – T} is not zero
and is downward. Thus mg > T
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 33
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An Atwood’s machine is shown in
the figure. The 100 kg block on the
right side takes 6.0 s to reach the
floor after it is released from rest.
What is the mass of the block on
the left side?
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 34
17
 
A 1.0 kg block is tied to the
wall with a rope. It sits on top
of a 2.0 kg block. The lower
block is pulled to the right
with a tension force of 20 N.
The coefficient of kinetic
friction at both the lower and
upper surfaces of the 2.0 kg
block is µk = 0.40
What is the tension in the rope attached to the 1.0 kg block?
What is the acceleration of the 2.0 kg block?
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 35
1.  Take one rubber band and hang a 200 mg mass from it. How far does it
stretch? Call this length l0.
2.  Combine two rubber bands in a chain (end to end) and hang a 200 mg
mass from the combination. How far does it stretch? Why?
For the questions below, answer only in integer numbers of rubber bands
3.  About how many identical rubber bands must be combined ( and how ) to
stretch by l0 under the load of a 500 g mass? Try this. Calculate the force
on each rubber band? Draw the fbd for the mass. Draw the fbd for each
rubber band.
4.  About how many identical rubber bands must be combined ( and how ) to
stretch by l0 under the load of a 100 g mass? Try this. Calculate the force
on each rubber band? Draw the fbd for the mass.
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 36
18
New Topic
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 37
amoon
g
R
where G = 6.67 x 10 -11 m3 kg-1 s-2
Direction: attractive along the line
between the centers of the two masses
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 38
19
Which is stronger,
the Earth’s pull on
the Moon, or the
Moon’s pull on the
Earth?
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 39
Which is stronger,
the Earth’s pull on
the Moon, or the
Moon’s pull on the
Earth?
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 40
20
1
2.  2
Earth
3.  3
4.  4
d 5.  5
2d
1. 
1 2
2m
5
4
3
m
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 41
2d
5
2m
4
d
1
2
3
m
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 42
21
 Near the earth’s surface...
$
=g
Force of attraction between an object and
an astronomical body (Earth, Moon, etc.)
Weight = Force of gravity:
W = mg
Weight (like any force) is a vector.
scalar
units: newtons (N)
units: kilogram (kg)
Phys 1021 Ch 7, p 43
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