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Name ___ANSWERS_______________________ Research You will complete research for all of the weather events. You will only select one type of storm for your brochure. Record your research below. Severe Weather Cause (be specific) Dangers Lake effect snow = Cold air moves over warm water and is warmed Blizzards occur from below. mostly in the Moisture northern regions evaporates in the of the US, air. Warm moist primarily in the air rises northeast, because downwind of lakes of the closeness of and forms heavy the equator, The snow. southern half of the US is rarely hit Snowdrift = A with snowstorms. deposit of snow sculpted by wind into a mound during a snowstorm. 1. A mere 2 feet of water can float a large vehicle or even a bus. This is why you should never drive through flooded roads. Just 6 inches of rapidly moving flood water can knock a person down. Near rivers/streams and low lying areas the rain buildup is the fastest. This can happen anywhere in the USA 1. Every thunderstorm produces lightning, which kills more people each year than tornadoes. Stay out of water, because it’s a great conductor of electricity. New Mexico, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi and Florida have the highest number of thunderstorms per year 2. Blizzard 3. 4. Flash Flood Thunderstorm A rapid flooding of geomorphic low-lying areas—washes, rivers, dry lakes and basins. It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a storm, hurricane, or tropical storm or meltwater from ice or snow flowing over ice sheets or snowfields. Flash floods are distinguished from a regular flood by a timescale less than six hours A storm with lightning and thunder. It is produced by a cumulonimbus cloud, usually producing gusty winds, heavy rain and sometimes hail. The basic ingredients used to make a thunderstorm are Important vocabulary Visibility would be limited due to the snow, ice and other particles, causing whiteouts which are dangerous to motorists. Frostbite occurs during prolonged exposure of the body to extreme cold, this damages tissue and causes a loss of feeling in that affected region. Hypothermia is life threatening where the victim would experience uncontrollable shivering, memory loss, drowsiness and other conditions. Due to the continuous snowing, snow may pile up on the roofs of house and cottages which can cause buildings to collapse. 1. A blizzard is a long-lasting snowstorm with very strong winds and intense snowfall. You need three things to have a blizzard; cold air at the surface, lots of moisture, and lift. Warm air must rise over cold air. Where they occur (just in U.S.) 2. Meltwater = water released by the melting of snow or ice, including glacial ice, tabular icebergs and ice shelves over oceans Supercell = thunderstorm that is characterized by the presence of a mesocyclone: a deep, persistently rotating updraft moisture, unstable air and lift. You need moisture to form clouds and rain. You need unstable air that is relatively warm and can rise rapidly. Finally, you need lift. This can form from fronts, sea breezes or mountains. Hurricane Hurricanes only form over really warm ocean water of 80°F or warmer. The atmosphere (the air) must cool off very quickly the higher you go. Also, the wind must be blowing in the same direction and at the same speed to force air upward from the ocean surface. Winds flow outward above the storm allowing the air below to rise. Tornado Come from thunderstorms. You need warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico and cool, dry air from Canada. When these two air masses meet, they create instability in the atmosphere. A change in wind direction and an increase in wind speed with increasing height creates an invisible, horizontal spinning effect in the lower atmosphere. Rising air within the updraft tilts the rotating air from horizontal to vertical. An area of rotation, 2-6 miles wide, now extends through much of the storm. Most strong and violent tornadoes form within this area of strong rotation. 3. Swimming, wading, snorkeling and scuba diving are not safe. Also, don’t stand in puddles and avoid metal. Stay away from clotheslines, fences, and drop your backpacks because they often have metal on them. Lightning = a massive electrostatic discharge caused by unbalanced electric charge in the atmosphere 1. Storm surges 2. Flooding Coastal regions, most commonly Florida, Louisiana, Alabama, Texas, Georgia, North and South Carolina, etc. Never open windows in severe weather situations. This allows damaging wind and debris to enter the structure They can destroy large buildings, uproot trees and hurl vehicles hundreds of yards. They can also drive straw into trees Central part of the United States, known as the Great Plains. More than 500 tornadoes typically occur in this area every year and is known as "Tornado Alley". Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas and Louisiana Storm surge = Water pushed onto land and causes flooding along the coast Eye = The center of the storm that is the calmest part. It has only light winds and fair weather Saffir-Simpson scale = Scale used to measure the intensity of the storm. Measured according to wind speed. Fujita scale = Scale used to measure the intensity of the storm. Measured according to damage/wind speed Vortex = Center of tornado