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SCIENTIFIC COMMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL
HOP GROWERS´ CONVENTION
COMMISSION SCIENTIFIQUE DU COMITE INTERNATIONAL
DE LA CULTURE DU HOUBLON
WISSENSCHAFTLICHE KOMMISSION DES INTERNATIONALEN
HOPFENBAUBÜROS
Report on the meeting of the
Scientific Commission of the I.H.G.C.
from 21 – 25 June 2009
in León, Spain,
Elisabeth Seigner
The Scientific Commission (SC) of the International
Hop Growers` Convention holds a meeting for
scientists and experts from the hop and brewing world
every two years. This time, Spain was our host country
and we were invited by the S.A. Española de Fomento
del Lúpulo. This private organization whose
shareholders are Spanish brewers and growers
supports hop production and hop trade in Spain.
Therefore, 51 scientists and representatives of the hop
and brewing industry from 14 different countries all
around the globe came to León, Spain, from 21 - 25
June 2009 to be informed about the latest research
works in hop. Mr. Bernhard Engelhard and Dr. Elisabeth Seigner from the Hop Research
Center Hüll, Germany, as chairman and secretary of the SC, respectively were involved in
the organization of the meeting. In Spain all preparations were in the hand of Mr. José A.
Magadan, the technical manager of the S.A. Española de Fomento del Lúpulo.
As always the objective of this event was to support the exchange of information and ideas
for the sake oft he hop and brewing industry.
In the scientific part 23 papers and 17 posters were presented covering the following topics:
hop breeding, DNA-based studies in hop research, hop diseases and pests, chemical
analysis of hop compounds and hop production. The excursion at the end of the meeting
gave the opportunity to all participants to get comprehensive on the hop production in Spain
and on the S.A. Española de Fomento del Lúpulo and its fields of activities.
This meeting of the SC used once again by hop scientists from the various research fields
and their partners from the hop and brewing industry to come together to discuss and
develop strategies how to cope with future challenges concerning the growers and the hop
market.
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All contributions of the Proceedings are published online. Please see:
http://www.lfl.bayern.de/ipz/hopfen/10585/index.php. A list of all papers and posters
presented during the meeting of the Scientific Commission can be found below this
summary.
Session I:
Hop Breeding
Classical cross breeding is still the basis in developing hop cultivars which meet the
demands and needs of the hop and brewing industry. Broad resistance to diseases and pest
is a major objective in all breeding programs. The development of the aphid-resistant English
dwarf cv, “Boadicea“ is a big success in this field. Also the Hüll high alpha cultivar “Herkules”
represents a considerable progress in breeding. The fast and efficient combination of
resistance with other economically crucial traits is only possible if based on comprehensive
understanding of the inheritance of the relevant features and the genes involved.
Furthermore a computer-assisted multi-criteria decision making model has been presented
for the assessment of hybrids aiming to simplify and accelerate the selection process.
Screening of wild hops with world-wide origin revealed – as so often - a wide genetic
variability which holds promise to offer crossing partners with new chemical compounds,
stress and disease resistance.
Session II: DNA-Based Studies in Hop Research
Particularly in breeding for resistance to powdery mildew and Verticillium classical breeding
methods are completed by histochemical and molecular-based studies. Research is focused
on the revelation of the various mechanisms involved in resistance reactions and on the
identification of sections within the genetic material associated with disease resistance.
Meanwhile, cDNA-based studies (gene expression approaches) are highly promising in
detecting active defense related genes which are to be verified in their function in
subsequent transformations (transient assays). Derived from those pathogen induced gene
sequences cDNA markers are elaborated which are much more reliable and highly
informative in the selection process in comparison to markers developed so far. In addition,
there are efforts to utilize homologous sequences in resistance and regulator genes known
from other crops and published in comprehensive data bases in hops to detect similar
sequences in the hop genome to design selection markers or to generate gene constructs for
transformation approaches. Also proteins (“proteomic approach”) are looked for which
contribute to pathogen defense.
Similar “genomic” and “proteomic” investigations are being conducted in the field of hop
chemical compounds by several research groups. Here they are looking for DNA sequences
or proteins involved in the regulation or synthesis of secondary metabolites which are
produced in lupulin glands e.g. xanthohumol, desmethylxanthohumol und 8-prenylnarigenine.
Clinical and medicinal studies have proven the anti-cancerogenic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effect of these flavonoids and the estrogenic action of 8-prenylnarigenine. Thus,
these hop compounds would be suitable for an alternative, broad application in various
pharmaceutical-medicinal fields. Objective of all these studies is to create hops with higher
contents of the various bioactive flavonoids – within classical breeding programs supported
by molecular assisted selection (MAS) or by genetic engineering. A research groups gave an
account on the first transgenic “Tettnang” hop plants possessing an altered phenotype and a
modified composition of flavonoids after the insertion of a regulatory factor from Arabidopsis.
Using in vitro propagation, ex situ-preservation in tissue culture, meristem culture to eliminate
virus infections and genetic engineering in vitro steps are involved in all cases. Thus,
questions are raised concerning the stability of the genetic make-up and the impact of
epigenetic effects. Investigations in various laboratories showed that those changes and
genetic alteration had to be kept in mind and took place, especially after longer in vitro
phases. To improve and accelerate the crucial steps during the in vitro-regeneration process,
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transcriptional and metabolic studies (“transcriptomic and metabolomic approach”) were
conducted to learn more about the various genes activated during this developmental phase
and the concomitant metabolic changes.
Session II: Diseases and Pest in Hops
Hop scientists showed their multi-faceted systems approaches to control new and also wellknown diseases and pests aiming to prevent dramatic loss of yield and quality in hop
production. Pathogenicity tests and molecular differentiation of specific fungal pathogens are
key elements of a successful disease management. In controlling downy and powdery
mildew which are the most important hop diseases these management efforts include the
development of model-aided control treatments and their introduction in practice. New
findings in the epidemiology of the fungal diseases which have been the result of these
research activities in part call for modified cultural practices.
Due to the limited number of effective pesticides
and due to ecological and economical aspects as
well risk-based control measures are becoming
more important and are being used by hop growers
more and more. While controlling damson-hop
aphids by using a revised control threshold it
became obvious that unnecessary pesticide
applications can cause definitely evitable loss of
yield or of alpha-acids. In addition, various
measures to control diseases and pests in organic
hops have been presented.
Session III: Chemical Analysis of Hop Compounds
Due to the highly promising wide range of applications of polyphenols and in particular of hop
flavonoids in the pharmaceutical-medicinal field the content of these compounds in various
hop cultivars is of great interest. In general, hop cones with their huge amount of lupulin
glands which produce these substances are examined, on the other hand it seems to be
conceivable to produce xanthohumol and the other bioactive flavonoids using alternative
ways e.g. in biofermenters with hop suspension cultures. Analytical data concerning the
flavonoid content of hop leaves and suspension cultures have been shown.
Hop quality produced in specific well-known hop growing regions is highly estimated and
therefore quite expensive on the international market. Thus, hop chemists presented a
method based on the typical, region-specific isotope relations to prove the origin and
authenticity of a hop sample.
Session VI: Hop Production
Based on meteorological data such as temperature,
precipitation and sunshine during the main vegetation period
a mathematical model has been presented which allows
predicting yield and alpha acid contents. At least for Saaz
hops this model has been found statistically significant over
several years.
To support hop growers in their striving to produce best
quality and high yield irrigation trials have been conducted
and moreover, comprehensive findings concerning the right
time to harvest aroma or high alpha varieties have been
shown. Two contributions with regard to the optimization of
hop drying and the improvement of the energy expenditure
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By courtesy of Josef Ježek, Hop
Research Institute, Zatec, Czech Rep.
during this process completed the palette of scientific studies presented at this meeting.
Excursions and information about hop production in Spain:
The S.A. Española de Fomento del Lúpulo has been founded by the Spanish brewing
industry in 1945. Today all work of this private company is focused on the domestic market
aiming to support hop production and trade in Spain including hop research. Spanish
breweries are the majority shareholders of this company, while the hop growers` share is 20
%.
Approximately 260 hop growers are producing on a total of 470 ha with emphasis on bitter
hops. Farms with 2 ha on average are relatively small. The major variety grown is the US
cultivar Nugget with 97 % of the Spanish hop acreage, and Columbus, Hallertauer Magnum
(approx. 2 %) and Perle are produced to a much smaller extent. The Scientific Commission
visited hop yards of all these cultivars. All fields were irrigated by flooding. Plants on the
various hop yards were in good condition promising good yields.
The S.A. Española de Fomento del Lúpulo takes on the storage and processing of the hop
lots delivered by the growers. In its own plant which has been visited on the excursion 100 %
of all hops are processed to pellets type 90.
I hope that all delegates got a lot of useful information in the lecture part as well as in the
excursion part of the meeting. So that the abundance of information and new ideas can be
taken home together with possibly already existing concepts in mind to conduct joint projects
with partners from the hop and brewing world.
On behalf of the Scientific Commission I wish to thank the S.A. Española de Fomento del
Lúpulo for their hospitality and special thanks are due to Mr. José A. Magadan for his
excellent organization on the spot.
The best of luck and success in all fields of hop research.
Dr. Elisabeth Seigner
Scientific Commission, IHGC
July 2009
List of all papers and posters presented:
I. Session: Hop Breeding
The inheritance of resistance to aphids from the new UK variety „BOADICEA‟
Darby, P.
Variability of wild hops
Nesvadba, V., Patzak, J., Krofta, K.
Hop hybrids assessment through implementation of multicriteria decision model
Pavlovic, V., Cerenak, A., Kosir Iztok, J., Rozman, C., Pazek, K., Pavlovic, M.
Hop breeding on high contents of desmethylxanthohumol
Nesvadba, V., Krofta, K.
Herkules – the new Hüll high alpha cultivar
Lutz, A., Kneidl, J., Kammhuber, K., and Seigner, E.
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II. Session: DNA-Based Studies in Hop Research
Powdery Mildew on Hops (Humulus lupulus L.): Histochemical studies and development of a
transient transformation assay
Oberhollenzer, K., Seigner, E., Lutz, A., Eichmann, R., Hueckelhoven, R.
Studies of wilt resistance in hop
Javornik, B. , Mandelc, S., Radišek, S., Jakše, J., Čerenak, A., Kozjak, P., Luthar, Z.,
Šatovič, Z.
Resistance gene candidates in hops
Jakše, J., Kozjak, P., Javornik, B.
Deciphering morphogenesis for hop improvement. A transcriptomic and metabolomic
perspective
Fortes, A.M., Batista, D., Santos, F., Figueiredo, A., Serrazina, S., Choi, Y.H., Miersch,
O., Lange, P., Wasternack, C., Verpoorte, R. and Pais, M.S.
Preliminary analysis of the hop (Humulus lupulus L.) proteome
Howard, E., Lowe, E., Whittock, S., Koutoulis, A.
Characterization of new genes in hop (Humulus lupulus L.)
Patzak, J., Matousek, J.
Functional analysis of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) regulatory factors from bZIP and bHLH
families in transient expression systems.
Matoušek, J., Kocábek, T., Patzak, J., Orctová, L. and Krofta, K.
Modification of the synthesis of bioactive flavonoids in transgenic hop Humulus lupulus L. by
PAP1/MYB75 from Arabidopsis thaliana L.
Aldinger, C., Stanke, M., Alheit, K., Gatíca, A., Höhnle, M., Matousek, J., Weber, G.
Gene expression, isolation and transformation of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) candidate genes
of the prenylflavonid pathway
Maloukh, L., Matousek, J., Matthews, P.D., Schwekendiek, A, Yu, O., Van Bockstaele,
E. and Roldán-Ruiz, I.
SSR PCR analysis of Ukrainian varieties of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) and in vitro
multiplication and field trials of «National» variety
Melnychuk, M., Spyrydonov, V., Dubrovin, V., Overchenko, V., Pariy, M., Kliuvadenko,
A., and Kukovenko, V.
Methods of in vitro storage of hops
Faragó, J., Lajchová, Z., Faragová, N., Hudcovicová, M.
Genetic and epigenetic stability of Humulus lupulus after in vitro culture
Peredo E.L., Cires E., Arroyo-García R., Revilla M.A.
III. Session: Hop Diseases and Pests
New fungal diseases on hops in Slovenia and Austria
Radišek, S., Leskošek, G., Jakše, J., Javornik, B., de Gruyter, J.
Genotyping of Verticillium pathotypes in the Hallertau - basis finding to assess the risk of
Verticillium infections
Seefelder, S., Seigner, E., Niedermeier, E., Radišek, S., Javornik, B.
A forecasting model for the control of powdery mildew (Podosphaera macularis) in hops
(Humulus lupulus) under climatic conditions in the Hallertau
Engelhard, B., Schlagenhaufer, S.
Systems approaches to management of hop downy mildew
Gent, D. H., Nelson, M. E., Farnsworth, J. L., Ocamb, C. M., Grove, G. G.
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Prognosis of downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora humuli Miy et Tak.) within hop protection
management in Czech Republic
Vostrel, J., Klapal, I., Kudrna, T.
Feeding preference of the hop flea beetle (Psylliodes attenuates KOCH)
Rak Cizej, M., Milevoj, L.
First steps towards a revised control threshold for the damson-hop aphid Phorodon humuli
Weihrauch, F.
Prognosis of damson-hop aphid (Phorodon humuli Schrank) within hop protection
management in Czech Republic
Vostrel, J., Klapal, I., Kudrna, T.
The resistance of damson-hop aphid (Phorodon humuli Schrank) to lambda-cyhalothrine in
Czech Republic
Vostrel, J.
Plant protection in organic hops
Solarska E.
Potentially dangerous fusarioid microorganisms associated with rot of hops (Humulus lupulus
L.) plants in field culture.
Gryndler, M., Krofta, K.*, Gryndlerová, H., Soukupová, L., Hršelová, H., Gabriel, J.
IV. Session: Chemical Analysis of Hop Compounds
Identification of Czech hop varieties by essential oil analysis
Kroupa, F.
Geographical Origin of hops - determination by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS)
Schmidt, R., Kutsch, A., Roßmann, A.
Relationship between xanthohumol, polyphenols and flavonoids content in hop leaves with
regard to vegetation period
Ürgeová, E., Polívka, Ľ.
Polyphenol and flavonoid contents of hop callus and cell suspension cultures
Pšenáková, I., Gašpárková, Ľ., Faragó, J.
Influence of vegetation period on antioxidat and biocide activity of extracts from hop leaves
Polívka, Ľ., Ürgeová, E.
V. Session: Hop Production
Mathematical Model for Prediction of Yield and Alpha Acid Contents from Meteorological
Data for Saaz Aroma Variety
Krofta, K., Kučera, J.
Utilization of irrigation systems in hop production
Ježek, J.
Recovering hop cultivation in Galicia (NW Spain)
Olmedo, J.L., Valladares, J., Fernández, J., Piñeiro, J.
The right time to harvest optimal yield and quality
Lutz, A., Kneidl, J., Seigner, E., and Kammhuber, K.
Hop Drying: Temperatures inside the layers of hop
García Panchón, R., Castro Abengoza, M.R., Suárez Moya, J.
Drying hops by means of thermal solar power: optimization of the energetic efficiency of the
process to obtain a quality product
Castro Abengoza, R., Suárez Moya, J., García Panchón, R.
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