Download 1 ENVS 250 - Exam 3 Lab Time (Circle One): Tuesday AM Tuesday

ENVS 250 - Exam 3
Lab Time (Circle One): Tuesday AM Tuesday PM
Regis I.D. Number (NO NAMES): ______________________
Part One. Short answer (3 points each). Circle the BEST answer. There is only one correct answer.
1. A transmissible disease is not likely to be caused by a
a. bacterium
b. hazardous chemical
c. virus
d. parasite
e. protozoa
2. Which of the following infectious diseases is not among the five most deadly?
a. pneumonia and flu
b. mumps
c. malaria
d. tuberculosis
e. HIV/AIDS
3. A global outbreak of an infectious disease is called a(n)
a. threat
b. parademic
c. pandemic
d. epidemic
e. outbreak
4. DDT, PCBs, atrazine, bisphenol-A, and phthalates are all examples of
a. insecticides
b. estrogens
c. androgens
d. plastic additives
e. hormonally active agents
5. Carcinogens cause
a. genetic defects
b. birth defects
c. cancer
d. chronic health effects
e. allergic reactions
6. Specialized cells, tissues, and organs that secrete hormones are part of the
a. endocrine system
b. excretory system
c. circulatory system
d. immune system
e. digestive system
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7. In terms of number of premature deaths per year and reduced life span on a global level, by far the greatest risk is
a. poverty
b. smoking
c. malaria
d. industrial chemicals
e. AIDS
8. The atmospheric layer where we live that also contains 75% of the mass of earth's air is the
a. thermosphere
b. mesosphere
c. stratosphere
d. troposphere
e. tropopause
9. Human health depends on having
a. low amounts of ozone in the troposphere and stratosphere
b. enough ozone in the stratosphere and little ozone in the troposphere
c. high amounts of ozone in the troposphere and low amounts in the stratosphere
d. high amounts of ozone in the stratosphere
e. high amounts of ozone in the troposphere
10. Photochemical smog is formed when primary pollutants interact with
a. sunlight
b. water vapor
c. sulfur dioxide
d. oxygen
e. carbon
11. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Temperature inversion occurs when a layer of cold air prevents warm air from rising.
b. Temperature inversions last only a few minutes to a few hours.
c. Normally, cool air near earth's surface expands and rises, carrying pollutants higher into the troposphere.
d. Temperature inversions help prevent air pollution.
e. Temperature inversions make pollution problems worse.
12. Of the following strategies to reduce acid deposition, the least effective is probably
a. removing sulfur from coal before it is burned
b. reducing energy use
c. adding lime to neutralize the acids
d. switching to natural gas
e. improving energy efficiency
13. Radioactive ____ is a product of uranium decay and an indoor air pollutant.
a. radon
b. radium
c. plutonium
d. lead
e. hydrogen
14. All of the following are on EPA's "four most dangerous indoor air pollutants list," except
a. radon-222
b. sulfur dioxide
c. cigarette smoke
d. formaldehyde
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15. Which of the following best describes the earth’s average surface temperature for the past 900,000 years?
a. a steady warming trend
b. fairly steady temperatures until recently
c. prolonged periods of cooling and warming
d. fairly steady with occasional cool spells
e. fairly steady with a recent cooling trend.
16. About 1% of the earth’s lower atmosphere is composed of all the following greenhouse gases, except
a. H2O
b. CH4
c. CO2
d. H
e. NOx
17. Which of the following statements about the greenhouse effect is false?
a. The amount of heat trapped in the troposphere depends on concentrations of greenhouse gases.
b. Heat trapped by greenhouse gases keeps the planet warm enough for life.
c. Changes in CO2 and methane levels correlate closely with changes in global average temperature.
d. Life on earth is totally dependent on the natural greenhouse effect.
e. The greenhouse effect depends on the size of the ozone hole.
18. Some people believe the sun has become hotter and is responsible for global warming. Data about which of the
following disputes that claim?
a. the stratosphere being cooler than the troposphere
b. projected surface temperature of the sun
c. air currents at high altitude
d. ocean currents
e. air currents at low altitude
19. According to the figure above, what relation is there between temperature change and concentration of carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere for the last 10,000 years?
a. A correlation that as temperatures have risen, so have CO2 levels.
b. A correlation that as the temperature has risen, CO2 levels have declined.
c. CO2 increases cause temperature declines
d. CO2 increases cause temperature increases
e. There is no identifiable pattern, i.e. the null hypothesis is supported
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20. The effects of ozone depletion on humans includes all of the following, except
a. more cataracts
b. suppression of immune system
c. more brain cancers
d. worse sunburn
e. more skin cancers
21. In 1987, 36 nations meeting in Montreal, Canada, developed the Montreal Protocol to reduce production of
a. carbon dioxide
b. nitrous oxide
c. CFCs
d. toxic wastes
e. halons
22. Addressing climate change is difficult for all of the following reasons, except
a. The problem is global, not regional.
b. The effects will last a long time.
c. Problems will be solved by long-term political solutions.
d. Many of the problems and solutions are controversial.
e. The benefits and harmful impacts are spread evenly.
23. Which of the following is by far the leading cause of water pollution?
a. mining
b. factories
c. sewage treatment plants
d. agriculture activities
e. ocean-going shipping
24. Of the following organisms, the group that is least likely to cause water borne disease is
a. bacteria
b. protozoa
c. algae
d. parasitic worms
e. viruses
25. Oxygen sag curves
a. may occur during spring floods
b. occur when oxygen-demanding wastes are added to the water
c. develop in fast-flowing rivers
d. may occur upstream from a sewage treatment plant
e. all of these
26. Contaminated groundwater can not cleanse itself for all of the following reasons, except
a. Groundwater is moving too fast.
b. Contaminants are not dispersed effectively.
c. Lower concentrations of dissolved oxygen exist for decomposition.
d. Usually cold temperatures slow down reactions.
e. Contaminants are not diluted easily.
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27. Bottled water in the U.S. costs 240 to 100,000 times more than tap water, yet _____ of bottled water is
contaminated by fungi and bacteria.
a. 10%
b. 20%
c. 30%
d. 40%
e. 50%
28. The majority of the oil pollution of the ocean comes from
a. blowouts (rupture of a borehole of an oil rig in the ocean)
b. runoff from land
c. tanker accidents
d. environmental terrorism
e. normal operation of offshore wells
29. The oil company responsible for the oil spill of the Valdez was
a. Alaska
b. Gulf
c. Exxon
d. Sunoco
e. Texaco
30. The individual matters in terms of what can be done to help reduce water pollution. All of the following are things
we can do, except
a. Fertilize gardens and lawns with manure or compost instead of fertilizers.
b. Minimize use of pesticides.
c. Compost food waste.
d. Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet.
e. Buy commercially produced foods.
Part Two. Short-answer section. Please write clearly and use only the space provided. Each question is worth
five points.
1. What is a dose-response curve? (1 point). Draw a theoretical dose-response curve and label the axes. (2
points). Label the LD-50 of the dose-response curve (1 point) and define the LD-50 (1 point).
Dose-response curve shows the dose of a drug or chemical versus the response in a population of
organisms (including people). See figure 17-14 in your text. The LD-50 shows the lethal dose for half
of the population, and it is a measure of how toxic a chemical is. A high LD-50 means the substance is
not very toxic; whereas, a low LD-50 implies much toxicity.
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2. In your own words, explain cultural eutrophication? (2 points). What is the problem with cultural
eutrophication? (1 point) What are two things that can be done to prevent, or lessen, cultural
eutrophication? (1 point)
See pages 539 and 540 in text.
Cultural eutrophication occurs when waterways are over fertilized with N and P and algal and plant
growth increases. Bacteria then decompose the dying plants and algae, particulalry when the water temp
is warm. These bacteria consume O as part of the decompostion process. The problem with cultural
eutrophication, then, is that there is less O for the organisms in the water. Two solutions are to use
waste treatment to remove excess N and P or prevent the input of N and P via agriculture and cleaning
detergents.
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