Download Alexander the Great

The Hellenistic Kingdoms
Battles of Alexander’s Successors
Hellenistic Kingdoms (cont’d)
Characteristics of the
Hellenistic Monarchies
General Remarks
Macedonia
Seleucid Empire
Kingdom of the Ptolemies
Key Terms
Seleucid Empire
Kingdom of the Ptolemies
Hellenistic Philosophies
Skepticism
Pyrrho (c. 365-270)
Epicureanism
Epicurus (c. 340-270)
Stoicism
Zeno of Citium (c. 335-263)
Key Terms
Skepticism
Epicureanism
Stoicism
The Roman Republic (509-27 BCE)
• Origin
– Myth
– History
Key Terms
Aeneas
Romulus
The Roman Republic (cont’d)
• The Roman Government
Key Terms
consul
The Roman Republic (cont’d)
• Roman Imperialism
– Great Latin War
(340-338)—Latium
conquered
– Late 4th-early 3rd
cent.—Italy
conquered
– First Punic War (264241)
– Second Punic War
(218-201)
Key Terms
Hannibal
The Roman Republic (cont’d)
• Roman Imperialism (cont’d)
– Seleucids driven out of Asia Minor 189
– Macedonia and Greece annexed 146
– Carthage destroyed 146
The End of the Roman Republic
• The Roman Revolution (133-27 BCE)
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–
optimates and populares.
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
Gaius Marius (156-86)
Lucius Cornelius Sulla (r. 82-78)
Key Terms
Lucius Cornelius Sulla
The End of the Republic (cont’d)
• Julius Caesar
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–
–
–
–
Consulship (59)
Wars in Gaul (58-52)
Civil Wars (51-47)
Dictatorship (47-44)
Assassination (44)
Key Terms
Julius Caesar
First Triumvirate
Cleopatra VII
The End of the Republic (cont’d)
• The Rise of Antony and Octavian
– Rivalry Between Antony and
Octavian (44-43)
– The Second Triumvirate (43-38)
• Civil War Between Antony and
Octavian (38-31)
• Octavian made Emperor
(Augustus) (27)
Key Terms
Second Triumvirate
Augustus Caesar
The Empire Under Augustus
(27 BCE-14CE)
• Government
–
–
–
–
The Senate
The Assemblies
The Magistrates
The Army
• Patronage of Literature
Roman Literature
• Augustus’ Literary Circle
– Maecenas, Horace, Vergil, Livy, Propertius
• The Aeneid
– Written between 30 and 19 BCE
– Secondary epic vs. primary epic
– Questions raised: 1) to what extent are the gods in
control? 2) which is stronger—good or evil? 3) what is
the duty of a hero?
Key Terms
Vergil
pietas
furor
The Aeneid
• Questions for Discussion:
– What kind of propaganda do you see in Jupiter’s speech in I:355-417,
especially in the second half?
– How do Pyrrhus’ actions in II:707-750 reflect on the pietas of the Greeks?
– How is Aeneas affected by the terrible actions of the Greeks, but of what
is he reminded (II:751-807)?
– How does Dido behave before (I:595-637) and after (IV:86-118) she falls
in love with Aeneas, and what effect does it have on the city?
– What does Anchises prophesy in VI:1044-1056?
– What does Anchises say the purpose of the Roman Empire is (VI:11291137)?
– Under what conditions are the Latins living under when Aeneas arrives
(VII:55-57, 267-271)?
– What happens to Queen Amata (VII:428-516)?
– Summarize Evander’s story of Hercules and the monster Cacus (VIII:242351). What bearing do you think this story has on the Aeneid as a whole?
The Aeneid
• Questions for Discussion (cont’d):
– What is Juno’s defense for her actions (X:90-136)?
– What similarity do you see between the acts of Turnus (X:656695) and Euryalus (IX:466-499)?
– How does the death of Pallas affect Aeneas (X:703-738)?
– When Lausus attacks Aeneas, after Aeneas kills Mezentius
(Lausus’ father), and Aeneas then kills Lausus (X:1092-1141), why
do you think Aeneas behaves as he does in X:1132-1141?
– How pious is Aeneas after he is wounded by Turnus (XII:665673)?
– Do you think Aeneas does the right thing at the end of the story
(XII:1225-1271)?