Download Final Review 1. A phalanx is a Greek military formation made up of

Final Review
1. A phalanx is a Greek military formation made up of
rows of closely-arrayed foot soldiers.
2. Spartan males began their military training at age 7.
3. Emperor Constantine is known for crediting the Christian God with bringing him victory in battle, making Christianity the
official religion of the Roman Empire, and building churches in Rome and Jerusalem.
4. The Punic Wars were fought between Rome & Carthage.
5. The period known as the Pax Romana was known for the construction of roads and public buildings, flourishing trade, and
peace and stability.
6. Which ancient civilization established the basis of western democracy?
Greek
7. The Ancient Greek city-state of Sparta
was a powerful military state
8. The Buddhist religion teaches that salvation is earned by learning to give up selfish desire
9. The first emperor of the Roman Empire was
Julius Caesar.
10. The Etruscans set up social classes which included the patricians & plebeians.
11. After the death of Theodosius, the eastern part of the Roman Empire became known as the Byzantine Empire.
12. Hellenistic Culture was a result of cultural diffusion, the combination of Greek and Middle Eastern Cultures, and a result of
Alexander’s expansive empire.
13. After the Plebeian Reforms, Plebeians were allowed 1 consul seat.
14. Constantine was responsible for making Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire.
15. The name of the holy books containing religious rituals in ancient India was the Vedas.
16. For followers of the Eightfold Path, the main goal is to eliminate desire
17. The Gupta Empire contributed the concept of zero, yoga, and the cause of lunar eclipses.
18. Confucian teachings were accepted in China only after Confucius’s death
19. During the Han period, the second-ranking family member was usually the mother
20. One reason for the development of an early civilization in the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys was that. periodic flooding left rich
soil, which was ideal for farming
21. The type of government that existed in Sparta could be described as an oligarchy.
22. During the Peloponnesian War, more than one-third of the Athenians, including Pericles, died as a result of. disease.
23. The Peloponnesian War was won by Sparta.
24. Which philosopher was condemned to death for “corrupting the youth of Athens” and “neglecting the city’s gods”?
Socrates
25. Who wrote The Republic, a book that set forth his vision of a perfectly governed society? Plato
26. What title was given to the rulers of Egypt? Pharaoh
27. Egypt was sometimes called the gift of the Nile.
28. As a result of 207 years of Pax Romana, the Roman Empire
experienced peace and prosperity.
29. In the early Roman government, who were the consuls? the chief executives of the government
30. Non-aristocratic Roman townspeople and landowners Plebeians
31. Formal name of the branch of Roman government that led foreign and domestic policy Senate
32. Officials who commanded the army and directed the government Consuls
33. Chosen during a time of crisis to lead Rome
Dictators
34. Name given to Rome’s “Golden Age” The Pax Romana
35. Name of the structure where the gladiators fought The Colosseum
36. A form of government where citizens vote for leaders who then decide important issues Republic
37. A series of stone water channels built in and around Rome Aqueducts
38. The arc of rich farmland in Southwest Asia between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea. It encompasses the
Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
Fertile Crescent
39. The land located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
Mesopotamia
40. A city and the surrounding land it controlled city-state
41. The process through which a new idea or a product spreads from one culture to another
cultural diffusion
42. An _?_ brings together several peoples, nations, or previously independent states under the control of one ruler.
empire
43. A uniform code of laws was developed by which emperor to unify his diverse subjects?
. Hammurabi
44. The kind of government in which rule is based on religious authority is called a
theocracy.
45. A system of writing that developed in ancient Egypt that started as simple pictographs but that developed into a more
flexible system, its name means sacred writing in Greek
hieroglyphics
46. Justinian increased the rights of women in his empire due to pressure from whom?
47. Which of the following was the body of civil law created for the Byzantine Empire?
Theodora
the Justinian Code
48. Which term is the title of the Russian emperor and is the Russian version of the term Caesar? Czar
49. Which group of invaders from the north probably founded Novgorod and later settled in Kiev?
Vikings
50. Islamic month of Fasting
Ramadan
51. Second holiest site in Islam
Dome of the Rock
52. The physical and metaphorical center of Islam
Ka’ba
53. Pilgrimage
Hajj
54. Toward what city do Muslims pray?
Mecca
55. What are the 5 Pillars of Islam?
Faith, Fasting, Prayer, Alms, Hajj
56. What was the most important trade item for the people of Ghana
salt
57. Which invaders’ inland routes tended to follow rivers? Vikings
58. Name given to the leader of a Viking tribal unit was jarl.
59. What are the sacraments of the church? Baptism, Confirmation, Communion, Marriage, Last Rites
60. Which Carolingian leader reunited Western Europe and was crowned Emperor by Pope Leo III?
Charlemagne
61. What was a lord’s estate called? Manor
62. During the Middle Ages, what was a grant of land from a lord to a vassal called? fief
63. What was a mock battle that served as a training exercise for young knights called? tournament
64. What system of government was based on the exchange of land for protection and services? Feudal System
65. Which code were knights expected to follow? Code of Chivalry
66. What was the act of taking away a person’s right to membership in the church? excommunication
67. What was the body of rules and regulations governing religious practices such as marriage? cannon law
68. What was the chief goal of the Crusades? to recover Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslim Turks
69. What was the negative effect of the Crusades that has continued to the present? hostility between Muslims and
Christians
70. Who changed England forever with a win at the Battle of Hastings (the last successful invasion of England)? William
the Conqueror
Unit 4
71. A person who produces work “in the vernacular” is one who
writes in a local, rather than a
classical, language
72. The printing press was invented by
Johann Gutenberg
73. Who was the last of Henry VIII’s children to rule England?
Elizabeth I
74. Which term originally referred to a German prince who was not loyal to the pope?
Protestant
75. Which term means “to take back a statement?”
recant
76. Which term means “to set aside?”
annul
77. What was the first full-sized book Gutenberg printed?
the Bible
78. In what way did Leonardo da Vinci represent the Renaissance Man?
He was a painter, sculptor,
inventor, and scientist.
79. What European nation profited most from trade with the East in the years directly following the Crusades? Italy
80. Which nation did Prince Henry help to take a lead in overseas exploration?
Portugal
81. In the 1400s, what was the most important trade good from the East?
spices
82. Spanish explorers who conquered and colonized areas of what are now Mexico,
South America, and the United States.
conquistadors
83. Wrote The Prince?
Machiavelli
84. Whose plays were performed in the Globe
Shakespeare
85. “Father” of the Reformation
Martin Luther
Unit 5
86. Known as the sun king
Louis XIV
87. Louis XIV’s great palace
Versailles
88. government agents that collected taxes &administered justice
intendants
89.minister to Louis XIII that strengthened monarchy at expense of the nobility Cardinal Richelieu
90. visited western Europe to learn about their customs and technology
Peter the Great
91. King of England who lost the English Civil War
Charles I
92. This began when Charles II took the throne of England
The Restoration
93.Parliament controlling taxes was an obstacle to this form of gov’t
absolute monarchy
94.this prevented monarchs from jailing people for political reasons
Habeas Corpus
95. divine right was used to support
absolute rule
96. Peter the Great built St. Petersburg
to get seaport that would make it easier
to travel to the west and a warm water
seaport
97. Peter the Great was the first Russian ruler to try to
westernize Russia
98. falling objects accelerate at fixed and predictable rates
Galileo Galilei
99. Isaac Newton explained the
100. What did the Enlightenment promote?
law of universal gravitation
belief in progress, more secular
outlook, faith in science
Unit 6
101. The increased output of machine-made goods that began in England during the 18th century was called the
Industrial Revolution
102. What were the three factors of production required to drive the industrial revolution? land, labor, capital
103. What was the main cause of the process of urbanization that occurred in 19th century Britain and elsewhere in
western Europe? industrialization
104. What was the name for the voluntary associations of workers seeking labor reforms? unions
105. A business person who combines land, labor, and capital to create a product to sell is an
entrepreneur
106. Technological advances caused production of goods to increase.
107. Railroads in benefited industrialization in Great Britain by offering cheap transportation for materials and
goods
108. The ruler of the new, unified German states into an empire was given the title of Kaiser
109. Which of the following was true about nationalism? One’s greatest loyalty should NOT be to the King it
should be to a nation of people that have a common culture
110. The opposition of Dutch settlers to British policy in South Africa turned violent during the Boer War
111. Who was the last monarch of Hawaii the was overthrown in the late 1800s Who was the last monarch of Hawaii
the was overthrown in the late 1800s
Queen Liliuokalani
112. Why was India called the “jewel of the crown?” It was the most valuable of all of Britain’s colonies.
113. Racism is the name for the belief that one race is superior to others .
114. Dutch settlers in South Africa were known as Boers.
115. Shaka was a Zulu chief who used highly disciplined warriors and good military organization to create a large
centralized state in southern Africa.
Unit 7
116. What is the policy of glorifying power and keeping an army prepared for war?
militarism
117. Which statement summarizes the Schlieffen Plan that Germany created to prepare for a two-front war?
First attack and defeat France, then attack Russia.
118.Which nation’s actions caused the United States to fight in World War I?
Germany
119. What did the war become once the participating countries began devoting all of their resources to the war effort?
Total War
120. Who was forced to assume sole responsibility for the war under the Treaty of Versailles?
121. How did the Treaty of Versailles affect postwar Germany?
Germany
It left a legacy of bitterness and hatred in the hearts
of the German people
122. What impact did the war have on the economy of Europe?
It drained the treasuries of Europe
123. What events in Sarajevo ignited the Great War? the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie
124. Which nation was location of almost all of the fighting on the Western Front in WW I? France
125. Under the Schlieffen Plan, Germany was to focus first on defeating France
126. Trench warfare was the primary form of warfare used on the Western Front.
127. The territory between the trenches was known as “no man’s land.”
128. The purpose of propaganda during World War I was to influence public opinion
129. The Zimmermann note, which pushed the United States to enter the war, exposed the German plan to
help Mexico regain US territory
130. Who was the last Romanov Czar of Russia? Nicholas II
131. He was the major leader of the Bolsheviks. Lenin
132. Who were the Bolsheviks? radical Russian Marxist revolutionaries
133. What was the purpose of the Soviet state’s Five Year Plan? economic development
134. What was a totalitarian state? a state in which the government controls every aspect of public and private life
Unit 8
135.
Due to overprinting of money to produce war supplies and to pay reparations after WWI Germany suffered
runaway inflation.
136.
Which of the following were effects of the depression on everyday people many people were homeless, lost their
jobs, and went hungry
.
137.
Which of the following responses to the depression (attempts to make the situation better) actually made the
situation worse? cutting costs, lowering wages raising tariffs
138.
Fascism was a new militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to the ruler.
139.
Who was the Fascist leader of Italy? Benito Mussolini
140.
How is Fascism like Communism? ruled by dictators
146. What was the popular name of the Allied invasion of Europe that took place on the Normandy beaches of France
and was called “Operation Over Lord”. D-Day
147. What was the name of Germany’s last major of offensive of WWII?
Battle of the Bulge
148. How did Hitler respond to the Soviets taking Berlin? Hitler, his fiancée and several of his top officers committed
suicide.
149 What were kamikazes? Kamikazes were suicide bombers who attacked Allied ships for the purpose of sinking the
ships.
150. What is anti-Semitism? Anti-Semitism is hatred of Jews.
151. During the 1930s and 1940s what did the term ghetto refer to? Ghettos were dismal, over-crowded segregated
Jewish areas.
152. What was the name for Hitler’s program of genocide of the Jews and other undesirables?
The Final Solution
153. What is genocide? Genocide is the systematic killing of an entire people.
154. What is demilitarization? Demilitarization is the process of disbanding military forces.
155. What is democratization? Democratization is the process of creating a government elected by the people.
156. What was the overall (or general) reason for WWII? WWII was the result of a failure of the League of Nations to
deal with Hitler.
.