Download bones and markings to identify

BONES AND MARKINGS TO IDENTIFY
I. APPENDICULAR SKELETON
a. Pectoral Girdle
Scapula
superior border
vertebral (medial) border
axillary (lateral) border
spine
coracoid process
acromion process
glenoid fossa (cavity)
supraspinous fossa
infraspinous fossa
subscapular fossa
Clavicle
sternal end
acromial end
conoid tubercle
b. upper extremities
Humerus
head
anatomical neck
surgical neck
greater tubercle
lesser tubercle
intertubercular sulcus (groove)
deltoid tuberosity
Humerus (cont.)
lateral epicondyle
medial epicondyle
coronoid fossa
olecranon fossa
radial fossa
capitulum
trochlea
b. upper extremities (continued)
Radius
head
body
radial tuberosity
ulnar notch
styloid process of radius
Ulna
olecranon process
trochlear notch
radial notch
coronoid process
head
styloid process of ulna
Carpals
proximal row: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
distal row:
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
Metacarpals (I – V)
Phalanges (singular: phalanx)
Pollex - thumb
Proximal (I- V)
Middle (II – V)
Distal (I – V)
c. Pelvic Girdle
Pelvis (os coxa) (pleural: pleves (ossa coxae))
acetabulum
obturator foramen
ilium
iliac crest
anterior superior iliac spine
anterior inferior iliac spine
posterior superior iliac spine
posterior inferior iliac spine
greater sciatic notch
arcuate line
ischium
ischial spine
ischial ramus
ischial tuberosity
lesser sciatic notch
pubis
(pubic) symphyseal surface -- (see p189, Martini)
superior ramus of pubis
inferior ramus of pubis
d. Lower Extremities
Femur
head
neck
greater trochanter
lesser trochanter
intertrochanteric line
intertrochanteric crest
linea aspera
gluteal tuberosity
medial condyle
lateral condyle
Femur (cont.)
medial epicondyle
lateral epicondyle
patellar articular surface
intercondylar fossa
d. Lower Extremities (continued)
Patella
apex
base
lateral border
medial border
Tibia
medial condyle
lateral condyle
intercondylar eminence
tibial tuberosity
fibular articular surface
medial malleolus
Fibula
head
neck
lateral malleolus
Tarsals
talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid
first (medial) cuneiform
second (intermediate) cuneiform
third (lateral) cuneiform
Metatarsals (I – V)
Phalanges (singular: phalanx)
Hallux – big toe
Proximal (I- V)
Middle (II – V)
Distal (I – V)
II. AXIAL SKELETON
a. skull
SINGLE BONES OF THE CRANIUM:
Frontal
frontal crest
supraorbital foramen (notch)
frontal sinus
superciliary arch
glabella
Occipital
occipital condyles
foramen magnum
hypoglossal foramen (canal)
Ethmoid
crista galli
cribriform plate
olfactory foramina
perpendicular plate
middle nasal concha
superior nasal concha
ethmoid sinus (*not available)
Sphenoid
greater wing
lesser wing
sella turcica
foramen rotundum
foramen ovale
foramen spinosum
optic foramen (canal)
Additional Cranial Markings
superior orbital fissure
inferior orbital fissue
sphenoid sinus
foramen lacerum
pterygoid processes
jugular foramen
a. skull (continued)
PAIRED BONES OF THE CRANIUM:
Temporal
mastoid process
styloid process
zygomatic process
petrous portion
internal auditory meatus
external auditory meatus
carotid canal
mandibular fossa
Parietal
note internal depressions formed from cerebral blood vessels
SINGLE FACIAL BONES:
Vomer
Mandible
ramus
coronoid process
mandibular condyle
mental foramen
mandibular foramen
PAIRED FACIAL BONES:
Maxilla
infraorbital foramen
maxillary sinuses
Zygomatic
temporal process
Lacrimal
lacrimal canal
Palatine
horizontal plate
Nasal
Inferior nasal conchae (turbinates)
Auditory Ossicles -- (see p481, Martini)
malleus
incus
stapes
Hyoid bone -- (see p154, Martini)
lesser cornu(a)
greater cornu(a)
Sutures of the Skull -- (see p159, Martini)
sagittal suture
coronal suture
squamous suture
lambdoid suture
Fontanels (Fetal Skull) -- (see p159, Martini)
anterior (frontal) fontanel
posterior (occipital) fontanel
anterolateral (sphenoid) fontanel
posterolateral (mastoid) fontanel
metopic suture
d. rib cage
Sternum
manubrium
body
xiphoid process
jugular (sternal) notch
clavicular notches
costal notches
d. rib cage (cont.)
Ribs
true ribs (vertebrosternal)): 1 – 7
false ribs (vertebrochondral): 8 – 12
floating ribs (vertebral): 11 – 12
head
neck
angle
costal groove
superior demifacets
inferior demifacets
costal tubercle
articulating facet
e. vertebral column:
 Be able to tell the difference between the three types of vertebrae, the superior and
inferior surfaces, and the first two cervical vertebrae, the atlas and axis.
Typical features of vertebrae
vertebral body
vertebral foramen
vertebral arch
pedicle
lamina
spinous process
transverse process
superior articular process and facet
inferior articular process and facet
superior notch
inferior notch
intervertebral foramen
interverterbral disc
e. vertebral column (cont.)
Cervical Vertebrae (7)
Identify typical features, see above
transverse foramen
Atlas: First Cervical Vertebra/C1
anterior tubercle
posterior tubercle
Axis: Second Cervical Vertebra/C2
dens
e. vertebral column (cont.)
Thoracic Vertebrae (12)
Identify typical features, see above
costal articular facet (on transverse process for tubercles of ribs)
superior demifacet (on body for heads of ribs)
inferior demifacet (on body for heads of
ribs)
Lumbar Vertebrae (5)
Identify typical features, see above
Sacrum (4-5, fused in adult)
sacral cornua
sacral promontory
anterior sacral foramina
posterior sacral foramina
ala
Coccyx (3-5, fused in adult)
coccygeal cornua