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Chapter 18
Section 18.1
Date
The Atmosphere
Section 18.1
1. What do you call the boundary between
the stratosphere and the troposphere?
1. The boundary between the stratosphere
and the troposphere is called the
tropopause.
2. The temperature of the stratosphere
increases as the distance from the Earth’s
surface increases?
3. The ozone layer is in our stratosphere.
2. The temperature of the stratosphere
increases or decreases as the distance from
the Earth’s surface increases?
3. Which layer of our atmosphere houses
the ozone layer?
4. What is the region where electrically
charged ions are formed as a result of the
absorption of solar energy?
5. About 4.4 billion years ago, what gases
were not believed to be present on Earth?
6. Oxygen was introduced into the
atmosphere as a byproduct of what?
7. How does the oxygen-carbon dioxide
cycle work?
8. A waste product of respiration in
animals that is used by plants to carry out
photosynthesis is?
9. How are greenhouse gases added to the
atmosphere?
10. In the last 100 years, how has excess
carbon been added to the atmosphere?
11. What forms does water exists on Earth?
12. With the input of solar energy, water
changes from a liquid to a gas during the
process of what?
13. As temperature increases, the possible
total humidity increases or decreases?
14. Warm, moist air will have ________
humidity and ___________ dew point.
15. The clouds that occur in the highest
altitude are usually what kind of clouds?
16. Sheet shaped clouds are called what
kind of clouds?
4. The region where electrically charged
ions are formed as a result of the
absorption of solar energy is the
ionosphere.
5. About 4.4 billion years ago, oxygen was
not believed to be present on Earth
6. Oxygen was introduced into the
atmosphere as a byproduct of
photosynthesis.
7. Animals produce carbon dioxide used by
plants for photosynthesis.
8. A waste product of respiration in
animals that is used by plants to carry out
photosynthesis is carbon dioxide.
9. One way greenhouse gases are added to
the atmosphere is through forest fires that
add CO2.
10. In the last 100 years, excess carbon has
been added to the atmosphere by power
plants, machinery and cars that burn fossil
fuels.
11. Water exists as a solid, liquid and gas
on Earth.
12. With the input of solar energy, water
changes from a liquid to a gas during the
process of evaporation.
13. As temperature increases, the possible
total humidity increases.
14. Warm, moist air will have high
humidity and high dew point.
15. The clouds that occur in the highest
altitude are usually cirrus clouds.
16. Sheet shaped clouds are called stratus
clouds?
17. Condensation and the formation of
cumulus clouds begin as the rising air
reaches its what?
18. Air becomes wind as it flows from….?
19. The direction in which the wind moves
is influenced by what?
20. Warm air rises because of its high or
low density?
21. The general geographic location of a
large low-pressure system is where?
22. The leading edge of a cold air mass that
overtakes a region formally occupied by a
warm air mass is called what?
23. High winds and strong thunderstorms
are characteristic of an approaching strong
what?
24. Tornadoes commonly occur in what
regions of the United States?
25. The energy that powers a hurricane is
derived from what?
26. Weather variables such as wind speed,
cloud cover, and precipitation are indicated
on weather maps by what?
27. On a weather map, winds blow slightly
across isobars toward or away from lowpressure centers?
28. Does weather change from day to day?
Yes or no.
29. The geographical climate of a region or
location is affected by what?
30. The climate of a region is defined by
which variables?
31. Historically, global climate has done
what over time?
32. What are the two main gases in the
atmosphere?
33. How does the temperature of the
troposphere change as altitude increases?
34. What produces a temperature
inversion?
17. Condensation and the formation of
cumulus clouds begin as the rising air
reaches its dew point.
18. Air becomes wind as it flows from high
pressure to high pressure.
19. The direction in which the wind moves
is influenced by the pressure gradient and
the Earth’s rotation.
20. Warm air rises because of its low
density?
21. The general geographic location of a
large low-pressure system is the tropics.
22. The leading edge of a cold air mass that
overtakes a region formally occupied by a
warm air mass is called a cold front.
23. High winds and strong thunderstorms
are characteristic of an approaching strong
cold front.
24. Tornadoes commonly occur in the
Midwest region of the United States?
25. The energy that powers a hurricane is
derived from condensation of water vapor.
26. Weather variables such as wind speed,
cloud cover, and precipitation are indicated
on weather maps by symbols.
27. On a weather map, winds blow slightly
across isobars toward low-pressure centers?
28. Yes, weather change from day to day.
29. The geographical climate of a region or
location is affected by latitude, season and
elevation.
30. The climate of a region is defined by
temperature and moisture.
31. Historically, global climate has varied
greatly over time?
32. The two main gases in the atmosphere
are nitrogen and oxygen.
33. The troposphere gets cooler with
increasing altitude.
34. A temperature inversion is produced
when cool air is trapped by warm air
concentrating pollutants at grand level.
35. Where is the ozone layer located and
what does it do?
35. The ozone layer is located within the
stratosphere and acts like a blanket that
absorbs incoming solar radiation.
36. What were the first organisms to add
36. What were the first organisms to add
oxygen to the atmosphere?
oxygen to the atmosphere where
photosynthetic bacteria.
37. How do plants and animals rely on each 37. Carbon- Dioxide producing animals
other to maintain atmospheric oxygen and
balance oxygen-producing plants creating
carbon dioxide content?
the carbon dioxide –oxygen cycle that
keeps the gases from theses sources in
equilibrium.
38. What is the molecular formula for
38. The molecular formula for ozone is O3.
ozone?
39. What is meant by the "greenhouse
39. The greenhouse effect is caused by
effect"?
Earth's radiated heat that is absorbed by
CO2 and H20 in the atmosphere,
prohibiting the heat from radiating back
out into space.
40. What is the relationship between the 40. An increase in global temperatures
greenhouse effect and global warming?
as a result of the greenhouse effect is
called global warming. As more and
more heat becomes trapped within our
atmosphere, the overall temperature of
Earth is expected to increase.
41. What are the 3 main types of clouds?
41. The 3 main types of clouds are cirrus,
stratus and cumulus.
42. Which cloud type is associated with
42. Cumulonimbus clouds often produce
thunderstorms?
thunderstorms.
43. What are the general atmospheric
43. The air behind a cold front is cool and
conditions behind a cold front?
dry.
44. What are the general atmospheric
44. The air behind a warm front is warm
conditions behind a warm front?
and moist.
45. What is a tornado?
45. Tornadoes are high speed, rotating
winds that extend downward from
thunderclouds.
46. What are the beginnings of a tornado
46. Funnel clouds.
called?
47. Explain what a funnel cloud is.
47. A funnel cloud is a tapered column of
water droplets that reaches down from
storm clouds.
48. Earth's location within its orbit is not
48. The Earth's tilt affects the seasons.
solely responsible for the seasons. What is
a contributing factor to the reason for the
seasons?
49. In the Northern Hemisphere, the
warmest months of the year are June, July
and August. During what season is the
Earth closest to the sun?
50. Describe the phases of the water
cycle.
51. Describe the formation of a tornado.
52. You are well acquainted with the
negative effects of the greenhouse effect,
but the fact remains that without it,
Earth would be a very different place.
How would our world be different if
there were no such thing as the
greenhouse effect?
49. Earth is closest to the sun during the
winter season in the Northern Hemisphere.
50. Energy from the sun causes liquid
water to escape into the atmosphere
through evaporation forming water
vapor. As temperature decreases with
increasing altitude, the air cools and
condenses forming water droplets of
liquid water. With the addition of more
water vapor and under the right
atmospheric conditions, droplets become
larger, eventually becoming too heavy to
remain suspended in air, and they fall as
precipitation.
51. Tornadoes are high speed, rotating
winds that extend downward from
thunderclouds. Tornadoes form along
the front between air masses with
distinctly different temperature and
moisture characteristics on either side of
the front. Cold, dry air is very dense
and sinks. As cold air encounters warm,
moist, rising air from the south, the
warm air is forced to rise faster. As the
warm air rises, it may begin to spin,
potentially becoming a strong, rotating
thunderstorm that can spawn a tornado.
52. Earth would be a much colder place,
possibly too cold for life to exist and
certainly too cold for humans.