Download Naming Skeletal Muscles

PowerPoint® Lecture Slides
Prepared by Patty Bostwick-Taylor,
Florence-Darlington Technical College
CHAPTER
6
The Muscular
System
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Naming Skeletal Muscles
•By direction of muscle fibers
•Example: Rectus (straight)
•By relative size of the muscle
•Example: Maximus (largest)
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Naming Skeletal Muscles
•By location of the muscle
•Example: Temporalis (temporal bone)
•By number of origins
•Example: Triceps (three heads)
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Naming Skeletal Muscles
•By location of the muscle’s origin and insertion
•Example: Sterno (on the sternum)
•By shape of the muscle
•Example: Deltoid (triangular)
•By action of the muscle
•Example: Flexor and extensor (flexes or
extends a bone)
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Orbicularis oris
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
(d) Circular
(a) Convergent
(e) Multipennate
Biceps brachii
(d)
Rectus femoris
(e)
(a)
(b)
(b) Fusiform
(c)
(f) Bipennate
Sartorius
(f) Extensor digitorum
longus
(g)
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(c) Parallel
(g) Unipennate
Figure 6.15
Head and Neck Muscles
• Facial muscles
• Frontalis—raises eyebrows
• Orbicularis oculi—closes eyes, squints, blinks, winks
• Orbicularis oris—closes mouth and protrudes the lips
• Buccinator—flattens the cheek, chews
• Zygomaticus—raises corners of the mouth
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Head and Neck Muscles
• Chewing muscles
• Masseter—closes the jaw and elevates mandible
• Temporalis—synergist of the masseter, closes jaw
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Head and Neck Muscles
• Neck muscles
• Platysma—pulls the corners of the mouth inferiorly
• Sternocleidomastoid—flexes the neck, rotates the head
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Frontalis
Cranial
aponeurosis
Temporalis
Orbicularis
oculi
Occipitalis
Zygomaticus
Buccinator
Orbicularis
oris
Masseter
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
Platysma
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Figure 6.16
Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm
• Anterior muscles
• Pectoralis major—adducts and flexes the humerus
• Intercostal muscles
• External intercostals—raise rib cage during
inhalation
• Internal intercostals—depress the rib cage to move
air out of the lungs when you exhale forcibly
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Clavicle
Deltoid
Sternum
Pectoralis
major
Biceps
brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
(a)
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Figure 6.17a
Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm
• Muscles of the abdominal girdle
• Rectus abdominis—flexes vertebral column and
compresses abdominal contents (defecation, childbirth,
forced breathing)
• External oblique—flex vertebral column; rotate trunk
and bend it laterally
• Internal oblique—flex vertebral column; rotate trunk and
bend it laterally
• Transversus abdominis—compresses abdominal
contents
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Inc.
Pectoralis
major
Rectus
abdominis
Transversus
abdominis
Internal
oblique
External
oblique
Aponeurosis
(b)
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Figure 6.17b
Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm
• Posterior muscles
• Trapezius—elevates, depresses, adducts, and
stabilizes the scapula
• Latissimus dorsi—extends and adducts the humerus
• Erector spinae—back extension
• Quadratus lumborum—flexes the spine laterally
• Deltoid—arm abduction
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Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm
• Muscles that arise from the shoulder girdle and cross the
shoulder joint to insert into the humerus include:
• Pectoralis major
• Latissimus dorsi
• Deltoid
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Occipital bone
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
Spine of scapula
Deltoid (cut)
Deltoid
Triceps
brachii
Latissimus
dorsi
(a)
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Humerus
Olecranon
process of
ulna (deep
to tendon)
Figure 6.18a
C7
T1
Erector spinae
• Iliocostalis
• Longissimus
• Spinalis
Quadratus
Iumborum
(b)
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Figure 6.18b
Muscles of the Upper Limb
• Biceps brachii—supinates forearm, flexes elbow
• Brachialis—elbow flexion
• Brachioradialis—weak muscle; elbow flexion
• Triceps brachii—elbow extension (antagonist to
biceps brachii)
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Clavicle
Deltoid
Sternum
Pectoralis
major
Biceps
brachii
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
(a)
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Figure 6.17a
Occipital bone
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
Spine of scapula
Deltoid (cut)
Deltoid
Triceps
brachii
Latissimus
dorsi
(a)
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Humerus
Olecranon
process of
ulna (deep
to tendon)
Figure 6.18a
Muscles of the Upper Limb
• Muscles of the forearm, which insert on the hand
bones and cause their movement include:
• Flexor carpi—wrist flexion
• Flexor digitorum—finger flexion
• Extensor carpi—wrist extension
• Extensor digitorum—finger extension
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Muscles of the Lower Limb
• Muscles causing movement at the hip joint include:
• Gluteus maximus—hip extension
• Gluteus medius—hip abduction, steadies pelvis when
walking
• Iliopsoas—hip flexion, keeps the upper body from
falling backward when standing erect
• Adductor muscles—adduct the thighs
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Gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus
Adductor
magnus
Iliotibial tract
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Hamstring group
Semimembranosus
Gastrocnemius
(a)
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Figure 6.20a
Posterior superior
iliac spine
IIiac crest
Safe area in
gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus
Sciatic nerve
(b)
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Figure 6.20b
12th
thoracic vertebra
12th rib
lliopsoas
Iliac crest
Psoas major
lliacus
5th
lumbar vertebra
Anterior superior
iliac spine
Quadriceps
Sartorius
Adductor
group
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Patella
Patellar
ligament
(c)
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Figure 6.20c
Muscles of the Lower Limb
• Muscles causing movement at the knee joint
• Hamstring group—thigh extension and knee
flexion
• Biceps femoris
• Semimembranosus
• Semitendinosus
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Gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus
Adductor
magnus
Iliotibial tract
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Hamstring group
Semimembranosus
Gastrocnemius
(a)
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Figure 6.20a
Muscles of the Lower Limb
• Muscles causing movement at the knee joint
• Sartorius—flexes the thigh
• Quadriceps group—extends the knee
• Rectus femoris
• Vastus muscles (three)
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12th
thoracic vertebra
12th rib
lliopsoas
Iliac crest
Psoas major
lliacus
5th
lumbar vertebra
Anterior superior
iliac spine
Quadriceps
Sartorius
Adductor
group
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Patella
Patellar
ligament
(c)
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Figure 6.20c
Inguinal
ligament
Adductor
muscles
Sartorius
Vastus
lateralis
(d)
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Figure 6.20d
Muscles of the Lower Limb
• Muscles causing movement at ankle and foot
• Tibialis anterior—dorsiflexion, foot inversion
• Extensor digitorum longus—toe extension and
dorsiflexion of the foot
• Fibularis muscles—plantar flexion, foot eversion
• Soleus—plantar flexion
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Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum
longus
Tibia
Soleus
Fibularis tertius
(a)
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Figure 6.21a
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Calcaneal (Achilles)
tendon
Medial malleolus
Lateral
malleolus
(b)
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Figure 6.21b
Facial
• Frontalis
Facial
• Temporalis
• Orbicularis oculi
• Zygomaticus
• Masseter
• Orbicularis oris
Neck
• Platysma
• Sternocleidomastoid
Thorax
• Pectoralis minor
Shoulder
• Trapezius
• Deltoid
Arm
• Triceps brachii
• Biceps brachii
• Brachialis
Forearm
• Brachioradialis
• Flexor carpi radialis
• Pectoralis major
• Serratus anterior
• Intercostals
Abdomen
• Rectus abdominis
• External oblique
• Internal oblique
• Transversus abdominis
Pelvis/thigh
• lliopsoas
Thigh
• Sartorius
• Adductor muscle
Thigh (Quadriceps)
• Rectus femoris
• Vastus lateralis
• Vastus medialis
• Gracilis
Leg
• Fibularis longus
• Extensor digitorum longus
• Tibialis anterior
Leg
• Gastrocnemius
• Soleus
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Figure 6.22
Neck
• Occipitalis
• Sternocleidomastoid
• Trapezius
Arm
• Triceps brachii
• Brachialis
Forearm
• Brachioradialis
• Extensor carpi radialis
longus
• Flexor carpi ulnaris
• Extensor carpi ulnaris
• Extensor digitorum
Shoulder/Back
• Deltoid
• Latissimus dorsi
Hip
• Gluteus medius
• Gluteus maximus
lliotibial tract
Thigh
• Adductor muscle
• Hamstrings:
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Leg
• Gastrocnemius
• Soleus
• Fibularis longus
Calcaneal
(Achilles)
tendon
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Figure 6.23
Deltoid
muscle
Humerus
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Figure 6.19
Posterior superior
iliac spine
IIiac crest
Safe area in
gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus
Sciatic nerve
(b)
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Figure 6.20b
Inguinal
ligament
Adductor
muscles
Sartorius
Vastus
lateralis
(d)
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Figure 6.20d