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Curriculum Vitae
Jyoti Parkash, Ph.D.
Postdoctoral Fellow
Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center
INSERM U837
1, place de Verdun
59045 Lille cedex
France
Education
Degree College/University
E-mail: [email protected]
[email protected]
Phone: +33-751048184
Subjects
Year of
passing
Percentage/
Division
B.Sc.
Himachal Pradesh, University, Shimla
Himachal Pradesh, India
Chemistry, Botany,
Zoology
2000
66.29/1st
M.Sc.
Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar,
Punjab, India
Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar,
Punjab, India
Zoology
2002
66.5/1st
Animal Biotechnology
(Neurosciences)
2007
Ph.D.
Professional Experience
03/ 2011 – Present
Post Doctoral Fellow, INSERM Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center U837,
Development and Plasticity of the Postnatal Brain, NEUROBESE International
Associated Laboratory, Place de Verdun, 59045, Lille Cedex, France
02/ 2010 – 02/ 2011
Post Doctoral Fellow, Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell’ Uomo, Torino,
Italy
01/ 2008 – 01/ 2010
Post Doctoral Fellow, INSERM Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center U837,
Team 2, Development and Plasticity of the Postnatal Brain, NEUROBESE
International Associated Laboratory, Place de Verdun 59045 Lille Cedex, France
11/ 2002 – 12/ 2007
Ph.D. (Junior/senior research fellow), Department of Biotechnology, Guru
Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
Jyoti Parkash ([email protected])
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Ph.D. Dissertation
Title: “Neuronal Plasticity in Adult Brain: Study of Molecular Marker of Synaptic Remodeling in
Hypothalamic GnRH- Astroglial cells”
 Although it is now clear that glia-to neuron communication systems are important components of
the central neuroendocrine process controlling mammalian reproduction, the precise mechanisms
by which morphological changes are promoted at the median eminence, which is the termination
field of those neurons secreting gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and the communications
pathways that specifically link glia and neuron remodeling await further elucidation. This neuronal
and glial remodeling is reversed upon cessation of stimulation. Such an activity-dependent
structural plasticity illustrates, therefore, both a network and cellular adaptation to increased
hormone demand and offers a striking example that dynamic changes in the morphology of adult
neurons and glial are intimately related to normal neuronal function. We use GnRH system as
model to study Cellular and Molecular mechanish of synaptic remodeling in hypothalamic GnRH
system and we determined that

The enhanced expression of PSA-NCAM on GnRH neuron terminals and astrocytes in the median
eminence region of hypothalamus before the surge release of GnRH observed in proestrous phase
suggests that PSA-NCAM plays a permissive role to reduce glial coverage of GnRH terminals.

Since PSA is a dynamically regulated product of post-translational modification of NCAM by
enzyme polysialyltransferase (PST), we have further ascertained that GnRH neuron in vivo shows
changes in PST expression during the proestrous and diestrous phases by ISH and northern blotting
techniques.
Awards and Fellowships
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Successful Travel award for 7th International congress of Neuroendocrinology, Rouen, France from
11th - 15th July, 2010.
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Successful Travel award for the 36th Colloque society de Neuroendocrinology (SNE) international
congress from 15th - 18th September, 2009 Nice, France.
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Invited as speaker in workshop on “Basic Neurochemical Techniques for Young Neuroscientists”
(17th - 27th November, 2008) and International symposium on “Molecular Aspects of Brain Aging
and Neurological Disorders” (28th - 29th November, 2008) in Department of Biotechnology, Guru
Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.

Best Presentation Award in International symposium on “Molecular Aspects of Brain Aging and
Neurological Disorders” (28th - 29th November, 2008) in Department of Biotechnology, Guru
Nanak Dev University Amritsar, INDIA.
Successful Travel award for attending 7th Biennial Meeting of the Asian Pacific Society for
Neurochemistry (APSN) from 2nd - 5th July, 2006, National University Singapore (NUS), Singapore.
Jyoti Parkash ([email protected])
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Successful Travel award for IBRO-Neuroscience Training School at National University Singapore
(NUS), Singapore from 26th - 30th June, 2006.
Successful Travel award for 29th Annual Japan Neuroscience Society (JNS) from 19th - 21st July,
2006, Kyoto, Japan.
Successful travel award for 2nd Special Conference of the International Society of Neurochemistry
on Neural Glycoproteins and Glycolipids, 1st - 5th December, 2006, Antigua, West Indies, Caribbean.
Successful Travel award from Indian Academy of Neuroscience to attend the XXII annual meeting
from 28th - 30th January, 2005, Gwalior, India.
Qualified National Eligibility Test (NET) to pursue doctoral research, 2000 and 2001.
Qualified Graduate Aptitude Test of Engineering (GATE) 2000, to pursue doctoral research.
Membership of Professional Bodies
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International Society of Neurochemistry (ISN).
International society for development Neuroscience (ISDN)
Asian Pacific Society for Neurochemistry (APSN)
Japan Neuroscience Society (JNS)
Indian Society for Neurochemistry (ISNC)
Indian Academy of Neurosciences
International congress of Neuroendocrinology (ICN)
Society for Neurosciences (SFN)
Society for Neuroendocrinology (SNE)
Editor of IJBPAS (International Journal of Biology, Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences
Extracurricular Activities
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Participated in the 7th International Congress of Neuroendocrinology, Rouen, France from 11th - 15th
July 2010.
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Participated in the 14th LARC Neuroscience meeting on 29th October 2010, Lille.
Participated in the 36th Colloque De la societie de neuroendocrinologie (SNE) international congress
from 15th - 18th September, 2009 Nice, France.
Two years regular participant in National service Scheme (NSS) and attended 10 days National camp in
NSS from 11th - 20th January, 1999 under the theme Youth for Community Development.
1st in Quiz competition (senior level) conducted under National Environment Awareness Campaign of
the Union Ministry of Environment and Forest, 2002, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar.
Workshops
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Attended IBRO-Neuroscience Training School at National University Singapore (NUS), Singapore from
26th - 30th June, 2006.
Attended workshop on “Tools for Bio-informatics Sub-center, Department of Biotechnology, Guru
Nanak Dev University, Amritsar from 3rd - 4th March, 2005.
Jyoti Parkash ([email protected])
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Publications
(1) Jyoti Parkash and Gurcharan Kaur 2005: Neuronal-Glial Plasticity in the GnRH Release in Adult
Female Rats: Role of Polysialylated Form of Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule. Journal of
Endocrinology (impact factor: 3.548) 186: 397-409.
(2) Jyoti Parkash and Gurcharan Kaur 2007: Potential of PSA-NCAM in neuron-glial plasticity in the
adult hypothalamus: Role of noradrenergic and GABAergic neurotransmitters. Brain Research
Bulletin (impact factor: 2.818) 74(5): 317-328.
(3) Jyoti Parkash and Gurcharan Kaur 2007: Transcriptional Regulation of PSA-NCAM Mediated
Neuron-glial Plasticity in the Adult Hypothalamus. Neuron Glia Biology (impact factor: 2.611) 3:
299-307.
(4) Jyoti Parkash, Sushil Kumar, Herdeep Kumar and Gurcharan Kaur 2009: Interactive effect of
excitotoxic injury and dietary restriction on neurogenesis and neurotrophic factors in adult male rat
brain. Neuroscience Research (impact factor: 2.376) 65(4): 367-374.
(5) Jyoti Parkash, , Xavier d’Anglemont de Tassigny, Nicole Bellefontaine, Celine Campagne, Danièle
Mazure, Valérie Buée-Scherrer, and Vincent Prevot 2010: Phosphorylation of N-methyl-D-aspartic
acid receptor-associated neuronal nitric oxide synthase depends on estrogens and modulates
hypothalamic nitric oxide production during the ovarian cycle. Endocrinology (impact factor:
5.12) 151: 2723 - 2735.
(6) Jyoti Parkash and Gurcharan Kaur 2010: Steroid Hormones Regulate Post-Translational
Modification of Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule: Implication For The Neuroendocrine Control of
GnRH. Journal of Neurological Sciences 27(2): 197-213.
(7) Vincent Prevot, Naresh Kumar Hanchantae, Arian Shrif, Jyoti Parkash, Cecilia Estrella, Cécile
Allet, Celine Campagne, Sandrine de Seranno, Xavier d’Anglemont de Tassigny, Marc Beronni
2010: Structural plasticity in GnRH system. Frontier in Neuroendocrinology (impact factor:
12.067) 31 (3): 241-258.
(8) Vincent Prevot, Bellefontaine N, Marc Beronni, Arian Shrif, Naresh Kumar Hanchantae, Jyoti
Parkash, Celine Campagne, Sandrine de Seranno 2010: GnRH nerve terminals, tanycytes and
neurohaemal junction remodeling in the adult median eminence: functional consequences for
reproduction and dynamic role of vascular endothelial cells. Journal of Neuroendocrinology
(impact factor: 4.67) 22 (7): 639-649.
(9) Bellefontaine N, Naresh Kumar Hanchantae, Jyoti Parkash, Celine Campagne, Sandrine de
Seranno, Jérôme Clasadonte, Xavier d’Anglemont de Tassigny, Vincent Prevot 2011: Nitric oxide as
key mediator of neuron-to-neuron and endothelia-to-glia communication involved in the
neuroendocrine control of reproduction. Neuroendocrinology (impact factor: 3.272) 93: 74-89.
(10) Víctor Briz, Jyoti Parkash, Sara Sánchez-Redondo, Vincent Prevot, Cristina Suñol 2011:
Allopregnanolone Prevents Dieldrin-induced NMDA Receptor Internalization and Neurotoxicity in
Cortical Neurons by Preserving GABAa Receptor Functionality. Endocrinology (impact factor:
5.12) 153(2): 847-60.
(11) Jyoti Parkash, Naresh Kumar Hanchantae (Equally contributed), Daniel Mazure, Xavier
d’Anglemont de Tassigny, Vincent Prevot 2012: Kisspeptin-GPR54 signaling in mouse NOsynthesizing neurons participates in the hypothalamic control of ovulation. Journal of
Neuroscience (impact factor: 7.93) 32(3): 932-945.
(12) Sushil Kumar, Jyoti Parkash, Herdeep Kumar and Gurcharan Kaur 2012: Enzymatic removal of
polysialic acid from neural cell adhesion molecule interrupts gonadotropin releasing hormone
(GnRH) neuron-glia remodeling. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology (impact factor: 3.69)
348(1): 95-103.
Jyoti Parkash ([email protected])
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(13) Jyoti Parkash, Irene Cimino, Nicoletta Ferraris, Susan Wray, Vincent Prevot, Paolo Giacobini
2012: Suppression of β1- integrin in gonadotropin-releasing hormone cells distrupts migration and
axonal extension resulting in severe reproductive alterations. Journal of Neuroscience (impact
factor: 7.93) 32(47):16992-17002.
(14) Naresh Kumar Hanchate, Paolo Giacobini, Pierre Lhuillier, Jyoti Parkash, Cécile Espy, Corinne
Fouveaut, Chrystel Leroy, Stéphanie Baron, Céline Campagne, Francis Collier, Alfons GarciaPineiro, Didier Dewailly, Christine Cortet-Rudelli, Ksenija Gersak, Michel Pugeat, Jacques Young,
Jean-Pierre Hardelin, Vincent Prevot and Catherine Dodé 2012: SEMA3A, a Gene Involved in
Axonal Pathfinding, Is Mutated in Patients with Kallmann Syndrome PLoS Genetics (impact
factor: 9.13) 8(8):e1002896.
(15) Celine Campagne, Paolo Giacobini, Jyoti Parkash (Equally contributed), Naresh Kumar
Hanchantae, Daniel Mazure, Vincent Prevot 2012: Neuronal NOS Neurons Obligatory for
Kisspeptin Induced preovulatory LH surge (Communicated in Nature Neuroscience).
(16) Nicole Bellefontaine, Jyoti Parkash, Charlotte Vanacker, William Colledge, Xavier d'Anglemont
de Tassigny, Sebastien Bouret Vincent Prevot 2012: Leptin facilitates reproduction through neuronal
nitric oxide signaling in the hypothalamic preoptic region in mice. (Communicated in Journal of
Clinical investigation).
(17) Jyoti Parkash, Anne Loyens, Sarah Gallet, Eglantine Balland, François Pralong, Jeroen
Pasterkamp, Vincent Prevot, Paolo Giacobini 2013: Semaphorin 7A expression in tanycytes is
regulated by sex-steroid hormones and controls gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-1) cell
plasticity (Under prep. For Cell).
Presentations in Conferences
National
1. Sema7A is a Tanycytic-Secreted Guidance Cue Regulates GnRH Axon Plasticity in adult Brain. 30th
Annual meeting of Indian Academy of Neurosciences. 27th-30th Oct. 2012 Amritsar India.
2. Interactive effect of excitotoxic injury and dietary restriction on neurogenesis and neurotrophic factors
in adult male rat brain; International symposium on “Molecular Aspects of Brain Aging and
Neurological Disorders” at Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar from
28th - 29th November, 2008.
3. Neuronal glial interactions are involved in the control of GnRH neurosecretion in the hypothalamus of
adult cycling female rats; XXIV Annual conference of Indian Academy of Neuroscience, ITRC
Lucknow from 17th - 20th December (Annals of Neuroscience; 97 (13), 2006).
4. Polysialylated form of neural cells adhesion molecule mediated neuroplasticity within GnRH neurons in
female rats; XXII annual meeting from 28th - 30th January, Gwalior, India (Annals of Neuroscience 94
(2): 253, 2005).
International
1. Semaphorin 7A expression in tanycytes is regulated by sex-steroid hormones and controls gonadotropinreleasing hormone-1 (GnRH-1) cell plasticity. SFN, November 12 - 16, 2011, in Washington DC. No.
2011-S-2816-SfN.
Jyoti Parkash ([email protected])
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2. Nitric oxide neurons in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus are a direct target of leptin: implications
for the reproductive axis. SFN, November 12 - 16, 2011, in Washington DC. No. 2011-S-12579-SfN.
3. Sema7A is a Tanycytic-Secreted Guidance Molecule and Regulates GnRH Axon Outgrowth in the
Adult Brain; 14th Neuroscience meeting on 29th October, 2010 Lille.
4. Phosphorylation of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor-associated neuronal nitric oxide synthase
modulates hypothalamic nitric oxide production: The role of estrogen during ovarian cycle in female
rats; 7th international congress of Neuroendocrinology from 7th - 11th July, Rouen, France (Journal of
Neuroendocrinology P2-182, 2010).
5. Phosphorylation of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor-associated neuronal nitric oxide synthase
modulates hypothalamic nitric oxide production: The role of estrogen during ovarian cycle in female
rats; 36th Colloque De la societie de neuroendocrinologie international congress from 15th - 18th
September, 2009, Nice, France.
6. Potential of PSA-NCAM to Mediate Neuronal-glial interaction in GnRH Neurosecretion: Role of
GABAergic and noradrenergic neurotransmitters; 29th Annual Japan Neuroscience Society (JNS) Kyoto
from 19th - 21st July (Neuroscience Research, 2006).
7. Activity dependent neuronal-glial remodeling in the ME of adult rat hypothalamus: Role of GABAergic
and noradrenergic neurotransmitters; 7th Biennial Asian Pacific Society for Neurochemistry (APSN
2006) Singapore from 2nd - 5th July (Journal of Neurochemistry 98 (1): 71, 2006).
8. PSA-NCAM mediated neuronal plasticity in the hypothalamus of adult brain; ISN-ESN Biennial
meeting, Austria from 21st - 26th August (Journal of Neurochemistry, 2005).
Personal Details
Date of birth
1st September 1979
Sex
Male
Marital Status
Married
State
Himachal Pradesh
District
Hamirpur
Nationality
Indian
Languages known
Hindi, Punjabi and English
Phone
+91-1972243036 (Home)
+33-751048184 (France)
References:
Dr. Vincent PREVOT
(Director)
Development and Plasticity of Postnatal Brain
Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Center
Jyoti Parkash ([email protected])
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INSERM U837, team1, place de Verdun
59045 Lille cedex
France
Tel:+33-320622064
E-mail : [email protected]
Dr. Paolo Giacobini
(Assistant Professor)
Inserm Unit 837
Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre
Team 2 Development and plasticity of the postnatal
brain NEUROBESE International Associated
Laboratory Place de Verdun
59045 Lille Cedex - France
E-mail : [email protected]
Dr. Gurcharan Kaur
(Professor and Head)
Neurochemistry and Neuroendocrology Lab.
Department of Biotechnology
Guru Nanak Dev University
Amritsar- 143 005, Punjab, India
Phone: +91-183-2258809 Ext. 3176 (Off.)
Email: [email protected]
Research Summary / Projects worked on (past and present):
1. Sema7A is an tanycytic Chemotropic Factor that Controls GnRH Axon Plasticity in the Adult Brain
Semaphorins constitute one of the largest protein families of phylogenetically conserved guidance cues. In
this work, we have focused our attention on Semaphorin 7A (Sema7A) whose function has been studied
most extensively in the context of immune-cell function and cancer cell biology, and only few reports
address the neuronal role of this semaphorin. Recently, prominent expression of Sema7A has been
documented in different areas of the nervous system characterized by persisting structural plasticity.
Interestingly, Sema7A transcript has been also documented in the adult median eminence, where the nerve
terminals of Gonadotropin Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) neurons are located and secrete the
hormone in the pituitary portal capillary system. Here we showed for the first time that Sema7A protein
expression in the adult female rats is hormonally regulated and that its expression is increased in the diestrus
phase of the estrous cycle, corresponding to a physiological reduction in GnRH secretion. We also
demonstrated that the rise in progesterone levels occurring during diestrus is responsible for the
upregulation of Sema7A expression. Western blot analysis was also performed on purified tanycyte cultures
isolated from embryonic median eminences and indicated that Sema7A is indeed produced by these cells
and acts on GnRH-1 axons terminals, which express 1-integrin, one the known Sema7A receptors. Finally,
in vitro functional experiments performed on immortalized GnRH cell lines highlighted a role of Sema7A
being an inhibitory signal for GnRH axonal elongation. Taken together these results show a hitherto
unidentified role for Sema7A and 1-integrin signaling in mediating periodical GnRH axon remodeling in
Jyoti Parkash ([email protected])
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the median eminence of the adult hypothalamus. These data identify a previously unknown function for
Sema 7A signalling in inducing adult central nervous system axon retraction, and raise the possibility that
tanycytic cells may actively participate in synaptic plasticity in specific functional domains of the adult
brain. (Post doctoral, Current)
2. Paracrine and Juxtacrine basis for Neuronal Plasticity
The aim of our study to find juxtacrine and paracrine basis of neuronal plasticity in adult brain. Although it
is now clear that glia-to neuron communication systems are important components of the central
neuroendocrine process controlling mammalian reproduction, the precise mechanisms by which
morphological changes are promoted at the median eminence, which is the termination field of those
neurons secreting gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and the communications pathways that
specifically link glia and neuron remodeling await further elucidation. This neuronal and glial remodeling is
reversed upon cessation of stimulation. Such an activity-dependent structural plasticity illustrates, therefore,
both a network and cellular adaptation to increased hormone demand and offers a striking example that
dynamic changes in the morphology of adult neurons and glial are intimately related to normal neuronal
function. The ongoing study in this project was aimed to determine whether juxtacrine (PSA-NCAM) and/or
paracrine (erbB signaling) communication processes and the crosstalk between these two modes of
signalization might play a major role in the integration of the great diversity of stimuli that astrocytes,
tanycytes and GnRH axons receive under varying physiological situations during estrous cycle within the
median eminence of the hypothalamus. (Post doctoral)
3. Matrix Metalloproteinases are expressed in the median eminence of the hypothalamus and their
activities vary during the rat estrous cycle
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) -Zn2+dependent endopeptidases that cleave protein components of the
extracellular matrix- are prominently expressed during reproductive processes such as menstruation,
ovulation, uterine implantation, parturition, postpartum uterine involution, etc. However whether they are
also involved in processes used by the neuroendocrine brain to control female reproductive function is not
known. The aim of this work was to determine whether MMPs are expressed in the ME of the hypothalamus
and whether their expression and/or activity varies during the estrous cycle. Our results show that
metalloproteinase activities are expressed in the ME. Gelatinase activities are detected in the external zone
of the ME at the proximity of GnRH nerve terminals. Interestingly, our result suggest that these activities
vary during the estrous cycle and reach a maximum on the afternoon of proestrus, when the preovulatory
surge of GnRH occurs. (Post doctoral)
4. Role of Glutamate neurotransmitter and D-Serine Gliotransmitter on GnRH regulation in relation to
NO
Activation of NMDARs by glutamate in endothelial cell activates eNOS which results more generation of
NO selectively stimulate GnRH release in ME. Endothelial cells can indeed sense peripheral information
like estradiol and provide feedback mechanism through NO release and co-ordinating the activity of
neurons, astroglia and endothelium in specific neurovascular zone of CNS. Endothelial signaling coordinate
the activity of neuroglia at the neuroendocrine synapse to deliver functionally meaningful episodes of GnRH
secretion. This will be first report that endothelial cells have NMDARs and D serine syntheisze by tanycytes
and have role in neuroendocrine regulation. (Post doctoral).
Jyoti Parkash ([email protected])
9
5. Allopregnanolone Prevents Dieldrin-induced NMDA Receptor Internalization and Neurotoxicity in
Cortical Neurons by Preserving GABAA Receptor Functionality
Dieldrin is an organochlorine pesticide that accumulates in the adipose tissue and brain of mammals. It has
convulsant activity due to its antagonism of the γ-aminobutiric acid A receptor (GABAAR). We have
previously reported that long-term exposure to dieldrin causes the internalization of N-methyl-D-aspartate
receptor (NMDAR) as a result of persistent GABAAR inhibition. Because the neuroesteroids 17β-estradiol
(E2) and allopregnanolone (AP) are known to modulate the traffiking of GABA AR and NMDAR at the cell
membrane, our goal was to study the effects of E2 and AP against dieldrin-induced NMDAR internalization
and neuronal death in cultured cortical neurons. We found that long-term exposure to 60 nM dieldrin caused
the internalization of the NMDAR subunits NR1 and NR2B, but not NR2A. Treatment with either E2 or AP
prevented dieldrin-induced reduction of NR1 and NR2B on the cell membrane. Furthermore, prolonged
exposure to 200 nM dieldrin down-regulated the expression of NR2A; however, this effect was only
inhibited by AP. In addition, we show that postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95) has physical association with
NR2A-containing NMDARs, whereas synapse-associated protein 102 (SAP102) immunoprecipitated with
NR2B-containing NMDARs in our neuronal cultures. Moreover, these associations were reduced after longterm exposure to dieldrin. Although both hormones restored NMDAR function, as measured by NMDAinduced intracellular calcium concentration rise, AP (but not E2) was neuroprotective against dieldrininduced neuronal death. The results suggest that AP may protect cortical neurons against the neurotoxicity
caused by long-term exposure to dieldrin by maintaining GABAAR and NMDAR functionalities. (Post
doctoral).
6. Sema3A is an Endothelial-Secreted Chemotropic Factor that Controls GnRH Axon Plasticity in the
Adult Brain
Neuropilin-1 (Npn-1) guides the development of the nervous and vascular systems. Here we show that
Sema3A, the ligand of Npn-1, is expressed by adult vascular endothelial cells in response to the ovarian
cycle and promotes the sprouting of axons containing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) (the
neuropeptide controlling reproduction) at the neuroendocrine synapse in the median eminence of the
hypothalamus. Antibodies that bind to Sema-binding domain of Npn-1 prevent both Sema3A and ovarian
cycle-mediated effects on GnRH axon plasticity in situ. Local in vivo infusion of anti-Npn-1 disrupted the
ovarian cycle, which requires a pulsatile, coordinated delivery of GnRH into the hypothalamo-hypophyseal
portal system. These data identify a previously unknown function for Sema3A/Npn-1 signalling in inducing
adult central nervous system axon growth, and raise the possibility that endothelial cells may actively
participate in synaptic plasticity in specific functional domains of the adult brain. (Post doctoral).
Jyoti Parkash ([email protected])