Download ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY/ STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY/
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
ANATOMY: THE STUDY OF THE STRUCTURES
OF THE BODY AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS
PHYSIOLOGY: THE STUDY OF HOW THE
STRUCTURES OF THE BODY FUNCTION
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
ANATOMY CAN BE DIVIDED INTO:
GROSS ANATOMY: REGIONAL OR SYSTEMIC
MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY: HISTOLOGY
DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY
NEUROANATOMY
PHYSIOLOGY CAN BE DIVIVDED
INTO:
CHEMICAL
(SUBCELLULAR)
CELLULAR
TISSUES
ORGANS
ORGAN
SYSTEMS
HOMEOSTASIS: “THE WISDOM OF THE
BODY”
THE BODIES ABILITY TO MAINTIAN A
RELATIVELY STABLE ENVIRONMENT EVEN
THOUGH THE OUTSIDE WORLD CHANGES
CONSTANTLY
HOMEOSTASIS
MAINTAINED
THROUGH
CONTROL
SYSTEMS
ANATOMICAL POSITION AND DIRECTIONAL TERMS
SUPINE - FACE UP
PRONE - FACE DOWN
IPSILATERAL - SAME SIDE
CONTRALATERAL - OPPOSITE SIDE
MEDIAN - IN THE MIDDLE
REGIONAL TERMS
BODY PLANES AND SECTIONS
SAGITTAL
FRONTAL
TRANSVERSE
MEDICAL IMAGING
MRI = MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
CT = COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
BODY CAVITIES ARE LINED WITH
MEMBRANES
MEMBRANES WITHIN THE BODY
MEMBRANES LINE BODY CAVITIES (PARIETAL)
OR COVER ORGANS (VISCERAL)
ABDOMINAL REGIONS
ABDOMINAL QUADRANTS
SPONGY BONE OR
TRABECULAR BONE
COMPACT BONE
COMPACT BONE
SPONGY BONE
SKELETON COMPOSED OF: BONE
CARTILAGE
JOINTS
LIGAMENTS
DIVIDED INTO: AXIAL SKELETON
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
AXIAL SKELETON: SKULL
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
BONY THORAX
SUPPORTS THE: HEAD
NECK
TRUNK
PROTECTS THE: BRAIN
SPINAL CORD
THORACIC ORGANS
SKULL: SKELETON OF THE HEAD
CRANIAL BONES PAIRED - PARIETAL AND
TEMPORAL
CRANIAL BONES UNPAIRED - FRONTAL,
OCCIPITAL, SPHENOID, ETHMOID
CRANIAL BONES UNPAIRED
(INFERIOR VIEW OF THE SKULL)
INTERNAL VIEW OF THE SKULL, THE CALVARIA
HAS BEEN REMOVED
MIDSAGGITAL VIEW OF THE SKULL
SPHENOID BONE
ETHMOID BONE
SUTURES: JOINTS THAT HOLD THE
CRANIAL BONES TOGETHER
CORONAL
SAGGITAL
LAMBDOID
SQUAMOUS
SAGGITAL
LAMBDOID
FONTANEL: DENSE MEMBRANEOUS CONNECTIVE
TISSUE IN YOUNG CHILDREN, WILL BE REPLACED
BY BONE - LOCATION OF THE ADULT SUTURES
BONES OF THE FACE, UNPAIRED
MANDIBLE THE LOWER JAW; HOLDS LOWER TEETH
VOMER FORMS PART OF NASAL SEPTUM
BONES OF THE FACE PAIRED
MAXILLA THE UPPER JAW
HOLDS UPPER TEETH
MAXILLA
ZYGOMATIC
LACRIMAL
NASAL
INFERIOR NASAL
CONCHA
PALATINE BONE
PALATINE BONE
ORBIT MADE UP OF 7 BONES
NASAL CAVITIES
MEDIAL WALL
LATERAL WALL
PARANASAL SINUSES
HYOID BONE: DOES NOT
ARTICULATE WITH ANY
OTHER BONE
THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN: 5 DIVISIONS
CERVICAL
THROACIC
LUMBAR
SACRUM
COCCYX
CURVATURES OF THE
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
CERVICAL
THORACIC
LUMBAR
SACRAL
ABNORMAL CURVATURES OF THE SPINE:
KYPHOSIS - DORSALLY EXAGGERATED
THORACIC CURVATURE (HUNCHBACK)
LORDOSIS - ACCENUATED LUMBAR CURVATURE
(SWAYBACK)
SCOLIOSIS- ABNORMAL LATERAL CURVATURE
GENERAL STRUCTURE OF A VERTEBRA
INTERVERTEBRAL
FORAMEN;
OPENING FOR THE
EXIT OF THE
SPINAL NERVES
CERVICAL VERTEBRAE
C1 ATLAS
C2 AXIS
T
SACRUM: 5 FUSED VERTEBRAE
COCCYX
BONY THORAX - THORACIC CAGE
STERNUM
RIBS:
VERTEBROSTERNAL,
TRUE RIBS (1-7)
VERTEBROCHONDRAL,
FALSE RIBS (8 -10)
FLOATING , FALSE
RIBS (11,12)
RIBS