Download Morphology: How to Parse Verbs and Nouns

Morphology: How to Parse Verbs and Nouns
When asked to give the form of a noun or a verb, this is what you must give.
Verbs
Each verb has five characteristics:
Person (first, second, third)
Number (singular, plural)
Tense (present, future, future perfect, perfect, imperfect, pluperfect)
Mood (indicative, subjunctive, imperative, infinitive, [participle])
Voice (active, passive) (Deponents are active)
When you are asked to give the Function or Use of a verb, see the handout “Constructions Involving Verb
Forms (Syntax).”
Nouns
Case (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative, [vocative], [locative])
Number (singular, plural)
Gender (masculine, feminine, neuter)
Function or Use (e.g. ACC subject of infinitive, DAT of agent, ABL of means, etc.)
Sample Synopsis: 3rd person singular
ACTIVE VOICE
pres.
amat
imp.
amabat
fut.
amabit
perf.
amavit
plup.
amaverat
ftperf. amaverit
s/he loves, does love, is loving
s/he was loving, loved, did love, used to love
s/he will love, will be loving
s/he has loved, did love, loved, has been loving
s/he had loved, had been loving
s/he will have loved, will have been loving
PASSIVE VOICE
pres.
amatur
imp.
amabatur
fut.
amabitur
perf.
amatus est
plup.
amatus erat
ftperf. amatus erit
s/he is loved, is being loved
s/he was being loved,
s/he will be loved
s/he has been loved, was loved
s/he had been loved
s/he will have been loved
SUBJUNCTIVES
pres.
imp.
perf.
plup.
amet
amaret
amaverit
amavisset
ametur
amaretur
amatus sit
amatus esset
PARTICIPLES
INFINITIVES
pres.
perf.
fut.
Active Voice
amāre
to love
amavisse
to have loved
amaturus esse
to be about to love
pres.
perf.
Passive Voice
amāri
to be loved
amatus esse
to have been loved
present active amans, amantis loving, while loving
perfect passive amatus, a, um
having been loved, loved
future active
amaturus, a, um about to love,
intending to love
going to love
and finally: a different type of participle: used for gds, gdvs, and pass. Peri.
future passive
amandus, a, um to be loved
i
n
t
PASSIVE VOICE
e
First Conjugative: Amo, amāre, amavi, amatus = love
Indicative Mood
active voice
tenses
pres.
amo
amas
amat
passive voice
amamus
amatis
amant
amor
amaris
amatur
amamur
amamini
amantur
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
imp,
amabam
amabas
amabat
amabamus
amabatis
amabant
amabar
amabaris
amabatur
amabamur
amabamini
amabantur
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
fut.
amabo
amabis
amabit
amabimus
amabitis
amabunt
amabor
amaberis
amabitur
amabimur
amabimini
amabuntur
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
perf.
amavi
amavisti
amavit
amavimus
amavistis
amavērunt
amatus sum
"
es
"
est
amati sumus
"
estis
"
sunt
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
plup.
amaveram
amaveras
amaverat
amaveramus
amaveratis
amaverant
amatus eram
"
eras
erat
amati eramus
" eratis
" erant
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ftperf. amavero
amaveris
amaverit
amaverimus
amaveritis
amaverint
amatus ero
"
eris
"
erit
amati erimus
" eritis
" erunt
Imperative mood
singular = ama!
plural = amate!
Second Conjugative: doceo, docēre, docui, doctus = teach
Indicative Mood
active voice
tenses
pres.
doceo
doces
docet
docemus
docetis
docent
passive voice
doceor
doceris
docetur
docemur
docemini
docentur
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
imp,
docebam
docebas
docebat
docebamus
docebatis
docebant
docebar
docebaris
docebatur
docebamur
docebamini
docebantur
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
fut.
docebo
docebis
docebit
docebimus
docebitis
docebunt
docebor
doceberis
docebitur
docebimur
docebimini
docebuntur
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
perf.
docui
docuisti
docuit
docuimus
docuistis
docuērunt
doctus sum
"
es
"
est
docti sumus
"
estis
"
sunt
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
plup.
docueram
docueras
docuerat
docueramus
docueratis
docuerant
doctus eram
"
eras
erat
docti eramus
" eratis
" erant
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ftperf. docuero
docueris
docuerit
docuerimus
docueritis
docuerint
Imperative mood
singular = doce! plural = docete!
doctus ero
"
eris
"
erit
docti erimus
" eritis
" erunt
Third Conjugative: pono, ponere, posui, positus = place, put
Indicative Mood
active voice
tenses
pres.
pono
ponis
ponit
passive voice
ponimus
ponitis
ponunt
ponor
poneris
ponitur
ponimur
ponimini
ponuntur
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
imp,
ponebam
ponebas
ponebat
ponebamus
ponebatis
ponebant
ponebar
ponebaris
ponebatur
ponebamur
ponebamini
ponebantur
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
fut.
ponam
pones
ponet
ponemus
ponetis
ponent
ponar
ponēris
ponetur
ponemur
ponemini
ponentur
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
perf.
posui
posuisti
posuit
posuimus
posuistis
posuērunt
positus sum
"
es
"
est
positi sumus
"
estis
"
sunt
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
plup.
posueram
posueras
posuerat
posueramus
posueratis
posuerant
positus eram
"
eras
erat
positi eramus
" eratis
" erant
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ftperf. posuero
posueris
posuerit
posuerimus
posueritis
posuerint
positus ero
"
eris
"
erit
positi erimus
" eritis
" erunt
Imperative mood
singular = pone!
plural = ponite!
Third ‘io’ Conjugative: capio, capere,cepi, captus = take, seize, capture
Indicative Mood
active voice
tenses
pres.
capio
capis
capit
capimus
capitis
capiunt
passive voice
capior
caperis
capitur
capimur
capimini
capiuntur
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
imp,
capiebam
capiebas
capiebat
capiebamus
capiebatis
capiebant
capiebar
capiebaris
capiebatur
capiebamur
capiebamini
capiebantur
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
fut.
capiam
capies
capiet
capiemus
capietis
capient
capiar
capieris
capietur
capiemur
capiemini
capientur
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
perf.
cepi
cepisti
cepit
cepimus
cepistis
cepērunt
captus sum
" es
" est
capti sumus
"
estis
"
sunt
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
plup.
ceperam
ceperas
ceperat
ceperamus
ceperatis
ceperant
captus eram
" eras
" erat
capti eramus
" eratis
" erant
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ftperf. cepero
ceperis
ceperit
ceperimus
ceperitis
ceperint
Imperative mood
singular = cape!
plural = capite!
captus ero
" eris
" erit
capti erimus
" eritis
" erunt
Fourth Conjugative: audio, audīre, audivi, auditus = hear, listen to
Indicative Mood
active voice
tenses
pres.
audio
audis
caudit
passive voice
audimus
auditis
audiunt
audior
audiris
auditur
audimur
audimini
audiuntur
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
imp,
audiebam
audiebas
audiebat
audiebamus
audiebatis
audiebant
audiebar
audiebaris
audiebatur
audiebamur
audiebamini
audiebantur
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
fut.
audiam
audies
audiet
audiemus
audietis
audient
audiar
audieris
audietur
audiemur
audiemini
audientur
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
perf.
audivi
audivisti
audivit
audivimus
audivistis
audivērunt
auditus sum
" es
" est
auditi sumus
"
estis
"
sunt
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
plup.
audiveram
audiveras
audiverat
audiveramus
audiveratis
audiverant
auditus eram
" eras
" erat
auditi eramus
" eratis
" erant
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ftperf. audivero
audiveris
audiverit
audiverimus
audiveritis
audiverint
auditus ero
" eris
" erit
auditi erimus
" eritis
" erunt
Imperative mood
singular = audi!
plural = audite!
DEPONENT VERBS
(passive in form but are active in meaning)
Indicative
Pres.
Imp.
Fut.
Perf.
Plup.
FtPerf
hortatur
hortabatur
hortabitur
hortatus est
" erat
" erit
veretur
verebatur
verebitur
veritus est
" erat
" erit
sequitur
sequebatur
sequetur
secutus est
" erat
" erit
patitur
patiebatur
patietur
passus est
" erat
" erit
oritur
oriebatur
orietur
ortus est
" erat
" erit
Subjunctive
Pres.
Imp.
Perf.
Plup.
hortetur
hortaretur
hortatus sit
" esset
vereatur
vereretur
veritus sit
" esset
sequatur
sequeretur
secutus sit
" esset
patiatur
paterebatur
passus sit
" esset
oriatur
oriretur
ortus sit
" esset
Infinitves
Pres.
Perf
Fut
hortari
hortatus esse
hortaturus esse
vereri
veritus esse
veriturus esse
sequi
secutus esse
secuturus esse
pati
passus esse
passurus esse
oriri
ortus esse
orturus esse
to _____
to have ______ed
to be about ti _______
oriens,orientis
ortus
orturus
____ing
having _____ed
about to ________
Participles
Pres.
Perf
Fut
hortans,ntis
hortatus
hortaturus
verens,ntis
veritus
veriturus
sequens, entis
secutus
secuturus
patiens, ientis
passus
passurus
Eo, Ire, Ii (ivi), iturus – go
Pres.
Eo
imus
imp ibam, etc
Is
it is
fut
ibo, etc.
It
eunt
perf ivi, ivisti, ivit, etc.
pres. subj = eam, eas, eat, etc.
Fero, ferre, tuli, latus = bring, bear, carry
Fero
Fers
Fert
ferimus
fertis
ferunt
imp
fut
perf
ferebam
feram, feres, feret
tuli, tulisti, tulit
pres. subj = feram, feras, ferat
Sum, esse, fui, futurus = to be
Sum
Es
Est
sumus
estis
sunt
imp
fut
perf
eram, eras, erat
ero, eris erit
fui, fuisti, fuit,
Possum, posse, potui = be able
Possum
possumus
imp
Posses
potestis
fut
Posset
possunt
perf
pres. subj = sim, sis, sits
poteram
pres. subj = possim, possis, possit
potero
potui, potuisti, potuit
How to Form the Subjunctive:
Present tense =
if 1st conj verb, use the vowel ‘e’
if 2nd conj verb, use the vowels ‘ea’
if 3rd conj verb, use the vowel ‘a’
if 3rd io conj verb, use the vowels ‘ia’
if 4th conj verb, use the vowels ‘ia’
Imperfect tense = 2nd principal part + endings
amet, ametur
doceat, doceatur
ponat, ponatur
capiat, capiatur
audiat, audiatur
e.g. caperet, audirentur
Perfect Active = 3rd prin. Part, drop the ‘i’ and add erim, eris, erit
e.g. docuerit
Perfect Passive = 4t prin. Part, add pres. subj of sum (sim, sis, sit)
e.g. doctus sit
Pluperfect Active = 3rd prin. Part, drop the ‘i’ and add erim, eris, erit
e.g. docuisset
Pluperfect Passive = 4t prin. Part, add imperf. subj of sum (essem, esses, esset)
e.g. doctus esset
The Gerund and the Gerundive both are formed from the future passive participle. Here are the formation rules.
1st:
2nd
3rd
3rd io
4th
amandus,a,um
docendus, a, um
ponendus, a, um
capiendus, a, um
audiendus, a, um