Download (FEV1/FVC)*100

pathology
* Recognition(identify) : emphysema
* What you should know about it : - widened air spaces
- Ruptured and thinned
alveolar septa
1
* Recognition(identify): lobar pneumonia
* What you should know about it : 1- Alveolar capillaries:
Congested
2- Alveolar walls:
Thickened
3-Alveolar spaces:
-Lymphocytes
-Macrophages
-inflammatory cells
2
histology
* Recognition(identify) : Alveoli
* What you should know about it :
1-Type of epithelium :
if Type I Pneumocytes Simple squamous
If Type II Pneumocytes cuboidal
2-Types of cells :
terminal bronchioles
1
* Cont Recognition(identify) : Alveoli
2-Types of cells :
- Alveolar macrophages
-
Pneumocytes :
Type I Pneumocytes
(Simple squamous )
1- exchange gases.
Type II Pneumocytes
(cuboidal)
1- secretion of surfactant.
2- divide to regenerate both
type I & type II pneumocytes..
-Terminal
-Divide
bronchioles with clara cells
to regenerate the bronchiolar epith
1
* Recognition(identify) : trachea
* What you should know about it :
1-Type of epithelium :
Pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet
cells (Respiratory epithelium).
2-Types of cells :
Hyaline cartilage
2
* cont Recognition(identify) : trachea
* What you should know about it :
2-Types of cells :
(1) Mucosa.(1)
Epithelium: Pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar
epithelium with goblet cells ( basal , brush cells )
(1) Lamina propria. loose fibro elastic c.t with ( mucus
glands , serous glands , lymph nods )
(3) Elastic lamina:
It is formed of elastic fibers.
(2) Submucosa
(1) Dense fibro elastic c.t with ( mucus glands , serous
glands , lymph nods )
(3) Adventitia.
(1) Fibroelastic C.T.
(2) C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage.
(3) (bundle of smooth muscle fibers)
2
Anatomy
Frontal
air sinus
Sphenoidal
air sinus
posterior nasal
aperture ( Quana )
uvula
Nasal septum
Nostrils
(anterior nares)
Vocal cords
Hyoid bone
Thyroid
cartilage
Transverse fissure
Oblique fissure
Diaphragm
Right lung
Left lung
Trachea
Oblique fissure
Ribs
left tertiary
bronchioles
right and left main bronchi
right and left secondary
bronchi
Alveoli
carina
Diaphragm
Hyoid bone
Thyrohyoid
membrane
Thyroid cartilage
Vocal cords
Epiglottic cartilage
Cricothyroid
membrane
Cricoid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Thyroid
cartilage
Cricithyroid membrane
trachea
Tertiary bronchioles
Primary
bronchi
Secondary bronchioles
esophagus
Descending aorta
Esophageal
Opening at T10
central tendon
Esophagus
right copula
openings in the diaphragm :
T 8 : IVC opening :
T10 : Esophageal opening
T12 : Aortic opening
left copula
Right crus
Thoracic vertebrae
lamina
Heart
shaped
body
And every thing other than the body is a
neural arch
Cont Thoracic vertebrae
Transverse
process
Spine:
Horizontal and
directed downward
pedicle
Cont Thoracic vertebrae
lamina
Superior
demifacet
Inferior demifacet
First rib
clavicle
Manubrium
Second rib
Sternum
Body
Costal cartilage
Xiphoid
process
Upper 7 true ribs
Lower 5 false ribs
Ribs are classified as
Typical from 3 to 9
Atypical 1, 2, 10, 11, 12
Anterior side
External intercostal
muscle
Internal intercostal
muscle
posterior side
Innermost intercostal
Muscles
Hyoid bone
Epiglottic cartilage
Thyrohyoid membrane
Thyroid cartilage
Corniculate cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Bronchopulmonary Segments right lung
Superior lobe / Apical , Anterior , Posterior
meddle lobe / Medial , Lateral
Inferior lobe / Apical basal , Medial basal
Lateral basal , Anterior basal , Posterior basal
Apical
Anterior
Lateral
medial basal
Medial
Bronchopulmonary Segments left lung
Superior lobe / Apicoposterior ,Anterior ,
Sup. lingular , Inf. lingular
Inferior lobe / Apical basal , Lateral basal
Anteromedial basal , Posterior basal
Apical
basal
Physiology
(4.3/4.8)*100=89%
‫‪FEV1% = (FEV1/FVC) * 100‬‬
‫‪FVC = 5‬‬
‫هي القيمة التي يكون عندها المنحنى ‪Plateau‬‬
‫‪FEV1 = 4‬‬
‫هي حجم الهواء الذي خرج عند‬
‫الثانية األولى‬
‫‪FEV1% = (FEV1/FVC) * 100‬‬
‫‪= (4/5) *100‬‬
‫‪=80 %‬‬
‫‪Normal‬‬
‫‪Plateau‬‬
FEV1% = (FEV1/FVC) * 100
FVC = 2
FEV1 = 1.8
Plateau
1.8
FEV1% = (FEV1/FVC) * 100
= (1.8/2) *100
=90 %
‫ أصال مو‬FVC = 2 ‫كيف عرفنا ؟ الن ال‬
! ‫طبيعي مره قليل‬
Restrictive
FEV1% = (FEV1/FVC) * 100
FVC = 3.5
Plateau
1.9
3.5
FEV1 = 1.9
FEV1% = (FEV1/FVC) * 100
= (1.9/3.5) *100
=54 %
obstructive
Make sure to bring your calculator
Always remember ,
worrying does not empty tomorrow
of its troubles ! But ,
It empties today from its strength !.
Deema , Malak , Nora