Download OVERVIEW OF PRINCIPAL BLOOD VESSELS (ARTERIES)

OVERVIEW OF PRINCIPAL BLOOD VESSELS
(ARTERIES)
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lecture students should know:
• Blood supply of the head and neck
• Blood supply of the upper and lower extremity
• Blood supply of the abdomen, pelvis perineum.
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Arteries are red blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. This blood
is normally oxygenated, exceptions made for the pulmonary and umbilical
arteries.
The circulatory system is extremely important for sustaining life. Its proper
functioning is responsible for the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to all cells, as
well as the removal of carbon dioxide and waste products, maintenance of
optimum pH, and the mobility of the elements, proteins and cells of the immune
system.
In developed countries, the two leading causes of death, myocardial infarction and
stroke each may directly result from an arterial system that has been slowly and
progressively compromised by years of deterioration.
AORTA
The general principle to remember is that the aorta is the major artery that serves as
the main trunk of the entire systemic arterial system.
The aorta takes its origin from the left ventricle within
the pericardial sac. It has 3 parts:
•Ascending aorta
•Arch of aorta
•Descending aorta
BRANCHES OF ASCENDING AORTA:
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Right coronary artery: arising from the anterior
aortic sinus
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Left coronary artery: arising from the left post
aortic sinus
BRANCHES OF THE ARCH OF AORTA
• Brachiocephalic artery: which gives rise to
right common carotid and right subclavian
artery
• Left common carotid
• Left subclavian artery
• Occasionally thyroidea ima and vertebral
artery
BRANCHES OF DESCENDING
THORACIC AORTA
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Nine posterior intercostal arteries
Subcostal artery
2 left bronchial artery
Oesophageal branches
Pericardial branches
Mediastinal branches
Superior phrenic artery
BRANCHES OF ABDOMINAL AORTA
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Celiac artery
Left gastric artery
Common hepatic artery
Splenic artery
Superior mesentric artery
Inferior mesentric artery
Suprarenal artery
Renal artery:
Ovarian artery
Testicular artery
Inferior phrenic artery
Lumbar artery
Median sacral artery.
Common iliac artery
ARTERIES OF THE HEAD AND NECK
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The major arteries arise from the arch of aorta aorta. These include
Right and left subclavian: these supply the head and upper extremities.
Right and left common carotid: they are further divided into:
Internal carotid artery: which supplies the brain eye, forehead and nose
External carotid artery: which supplies the tongue thyroid tonsils ears etc.
ARTERIES OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY
• Axillary artery: this is a continuation of the subclavian artery and it supplies the
shoulder, chest, and axillary region.
• Brachial artery: this is a continuation of the axillary artery and it supplies the arm
and the hand.
• Radial artery: it supplies the lower arm and hand( lateral).
• Ulnar artery: it supplies the lower arm and hand(medial)
• Superficial and deep palmar arches: formed by the anastomosis of the
branches of radial and ulnar arteries, they supply the hands and the
fingers
• Digital artery: they supply the fingers.
ARTERIES OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY
External iliac artery: branch of the common iliac chiefly supplies the thigh, leg and
foot through the:
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Femoral artery (continuation of external iliac)
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Popliteal artery (continuation of femoral artery)
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Anterior and posterior tibial
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Planter arch: formed by the anastomosis of the branches of the anterior and
posterior tibial arteries.
Digital artery
BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE THORAX
It is through the branches of the thoracic aorta. These include:
VISCERAL BRANCHES
• Bronchial arteries: supply the lungs and bronchi
• Esophageal arteries: supply the esophagus
PARIETAL BRANCHES
• Intercostal arteries: supply the lateral thoracic wall (rib cage)
• Superior phrenic arteries: supply the superior surface of diaphragm.
BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE ABDOMEN
It is through the branches of the abdominal aorta
VISCERAL BRANCHES
• Celiac artery: supplies the abdominal viscera
• Left gastric artery: supplies the stomach and esophagus
• Common hepatic artery: supplies the liver
• Splenic artery: supplies the spleen, stomach and pancreas
• Superior mesentric artery: supplies the pancreas, small intestine and colon
• Inferior mesentric artery: supplies the descending colon and rectum
• Suprarenal artery
• Renal artery
• Ovarian artery/Testicular artery
PARIETAL BRANCHES
• Inferior phrenic artery: supplies the inferior surface of diaphragm and adrenal gland.
• Lumbar artery: supplies the lumbar vertebrae and the muscles of the back
• Median sacral artery: supplies the lower extremity.
BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE PELVIS
Is through the internal iliac artery through its visceral and parietal branches.
VISCERALBRANCHES
•Middle rectal branches: supplies the rectum
•Vaginal artery: supplies the vagina and uterus
•Uterine artery:: supplies the uterus, vagina, uterine tube and ovaries.
PARIETAL BRANCHES
• Lateral sacral: supplies the sacrum
• Superior gluteal: supplies the gluteal muscles
• Obturator: supplies the pubic region, hip joint and groin.
• Internal pudendal: supplies the rectum, external ganitalia and floor of the pelvis
• Inferior gluteal: supplies the lower gluteal region, coccyx and upper thigh
Ascending Aorta
Right
coronary artery
Posterior
interventricular
Marginal
artery
Atrioventricular
Nodal artery
Acute
marginal artery
Posterior
Septal artery
Left
coronary artery
Anterior
interventricular
Circumflex
branch
Anterior
Anterior and posterior
Septal artery Ventricular branches
Abdominal aorta
Parietal
visceral
branches
1.Celaia
trunk
Left
gastric
Spleni
c
Pancreati
Short
Left
c
gastric
gastroepiploi
c
Right hand left
dorsal
Omental
pancreatic
arteries
arteries
2. Superior
mesenteric
branches
1. Inferior
phrenic
Common
hepatic
Hepatic
artery
proper
Superior suprarenal
branches
Right
gastric
Cystic
artery
Jejuna
lleocolic
Right colic
Inferior
(superior and
(ascending and
Pancreatico - l
inferior
duodenal
descending
branches)
braches)
(anterior and
posterior
3. Suprarenal
branches)
4. Renal
inferior suprarenal
branches
5. Gonadal
testicular or
ovarian
6. Inferior mesenteric
Sigmoid
Left colic
Superior
(ascending and
rectal
descending
branches)
Marginal artery of
colon
Gastroduodenal
2. Lumbar
Dorsal and
spiral
branches
Right
gastroepiploi
Superior
c
pancreaticoduodena
l
3. Median
sacral
Middle colic
(right and left
branches)
Abdominal
aorta
Left common iliac
(gives rise to same branches
as right common iliac,
except that arteries are labeled
left instead of right)
Right common iliac
Right external iliac
Lateral circumflex
Right femoral
Right popliteal
Right internal iliac
Superficial femoral
Profunda femoris
Perforating arteries
Muscular
branches
Right posterior tibial
Right anterior tibial
Right dorsalis pedis
(dorsal artery of foot)
Fibular artery
Muscular branches
Right arcuratae
Right dorsal metatarsal
Right dorsal digital
Artery of foot
Right lateral plantar
Right medial plantar
Right plantar arch
Right plantar metatarsal
Right plantar digital
REFERANCES
• CLINICAL ORIENTED ANATOMY BY K.L.M
6TH EDITION
External
circumflex