Download SNV Project 2: CSA and Women Economic empowerment

Sowing the seeds of change –
Gender-responsive climate-smart rice production
Tran Tu Anh,
Programme manager, CSA and Gender
SNV Vietnam
1
Rice production in Vietnam
•
Vietnam: Very disaster prone, among the
countries worse affected by climate
change. Long coast, low land, complex
geography. Yearly huge lost due to
disasters
•
>70% population live income and food on
weather based livelihoods and rice
production -> very vulnerable to climate
change. (7.6% poor rate to date).
•
Vietnam is among top rice producers and
the 2nd-3rd rice exporters.
•
Rice cultivation (especially wet rice) emits
huge GHG, incl.
CH4, N2O, CO2 ->
57.5% GHG emission in agriculture
2
GHG emission
Enteric
fermentation
0.9 2.6
11.9
Vulnerability/Lost/damages
5.3
Manure
management
Rice cultivation
21.8
Agricultural soils
57.5
Burning of
savannas
Burning of
agricultural
residues
3
Socio-economic relevance
• Massive production: In 2013, 4.2 mil ha
paddy field, capacity 43 mil. metric tons,
exporting 7.5 mil tons rice 2013 (3rd).
Communist Party/Gov commits to sustain
1.8 mil. ha of rice production for food
security.
• Very low margin: extremely high inputs,
backward floody rice farming techniques,
low yield, high risks of lost due to
disasters and price, extremely weak
marketing
4
Emerging:
- Advanced
rice
farming
techniques: low input, low GHG,
high yield, low risk
- Marketing/Value
chain
development
- Social inclusion/gender
Ref: CSA according to FAO:
•
Sustainably increasing food security by increasing agricultural productivity and
incomes;
•
Building resilience and adapting to climate change
•
Developing opportunities for reducing GHG emissions compared to expected
trends
5
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
1.
Economic
Low inputs
High yield
2.
Adaptation
Resilient to CC
3.
Mitigation
4.
Environment
GHG emission
reduction
Ecological
Friendly
6
SRI key principles (direct seedling)
Significant seed reduction
(depend on variety/soil. 2-4 kg/ sao (500m2) for
seeding by broadcast and less than 1.5 kg/Sao
for seeding with Rows Drumseeder
Alternative wetting and drying: four to five times
after seeding until panicle formation, ensure
adequate soil moisture; maintain 3-5 cm water level
from panicle formation untill milky ripening stage;
dry the field from dough ripening stage to harvest.
Weeding and aerating the soil at the same time; Early
weeding and keep free from weeds within the first 30 days
after seeding.
Soil conserve/restoration: Use organic fertilizer, bio-fertilizer,
collect straw/stubble after harvest for compost; minimize use
chemicals (fertilizers, pesticides).
1. Economic impact
• Significant reduction of inputs: ~30-40%
- Significant reduction of seeds inputs (i.e. from 5-6kg/sao – 2-3kg/sao)
- Reducing chemicals, fertilizer and plant protection
- Reducing water/watering costs
- Increased yield (~20%)
- Reduced lost and damages due to extremely weather events

Increase yield: ~15%

Cleaner rice can bring higher price
Increase 20-25% income
for farmers
8
2. Adaptation/Resilience
• Adaptation: Higher resistance to climate risks/extreme weather
events
- Les density - Increase effective branches and plant strength – more resist
to whirlwind, preventing collapse/damages
- Les density – Reduce epidemics/diseases
- AWD - Rice plant Roots stronger/longer – more resist to drought

Resilience (community based)
•
Reduce inputs, farmers reduce risks of financial lost and have more
savings
•
Disaster preparedness/contingency plan in rice crop
(seasonal calendars, short-time variety)
9
3. Mitigation: significant reduction of GHGs emission
Compared to traditional (keep field flooded, high volume of seed)
•
Reducing Methane CH4 emission:

•
Reducing N2O emission:

•
Applying Alternative Wetting and Drying: each crop 1/3 CH4 emission
is reduced via keeping fields dry (non-flooded) at least one phase in a
crop.
Effective chemistry/bio-fertilizer management in SRI protocol control
N2O emission, no-increase N20 in SRI field recognized.
Reducing CO2:

by not burning residues and re-use it for compos/bio-fertilizer

IAE measured 4 crops and confirmed reduction 4 tons
CO2e/crop in SRI field supported by SNV projects
10
4. Environment/Ecological friendly
•
Saving water:

•
Environment improvement:



applying AWD, using less 25 – 50% water. Each crop, reducing 3-5
times pumping water in the field (also save pumping cost)
Considerable reduction of chemical fertilizer, pesticide, use bio-fertilizer
Reducing burning residue and re-use for compos/bio-fertilizer
Soil conserve/restoration
 Breaking soil scum and soil preparation
 Use organic fertilizer, bio-fertilizer
11
SNV Project 1: Sustainable rice production
•
Title: “Sowing the seeds of change –
Community based mitigation through
sustainable rice production” (SSC-SRI)
•
Location: Quảng Bình và Bình Định
(intervention) and national level
(advocacy)
•
Duration: 05/2012 – 12/2015
•
Project holder: SNV
•
Partners: DARD of Quang Binh and
Binh Dinh, CASRAD, IAE, SFRI,
IPSARD, provincial Women Union
•
Donor: Australian Government
12
Objectives
 Reduce GHG emissions and increase resilience of rice production
through the application of SRI to small scale rice production
systems
 Generate renewable energy from rice residues of husk and straw to
reduce environmental waste and contamination.
 Develop market linkages and create “green rice” market
opportunities for rice
 Build capacity of provincial level stakeholders (farmers,
cooperatives, community, government, agriculture sector, mass
organizations, millers/private sector)
 Create a knowledge platform to raise awareness and widely share
lessons learnt
13
Project components
2. Reduce environmental waste and
contamination - Renewable energy from rice
residues
3. Market linkages and create “green rice”
Market - Inclusive business
4. Capacity building,
Knowledge management
Advocacy –
gender and social inclusion
1. GHG emission reduction
Via SRI Low carbon & low risk farming technique
14

Raising awareness for ~ 40,000 farmers (on SRI, market, value chain, post-harvest
management etc.)

Capacity building for key agriculture personnel and cooperative (around 250 persons)

SRI applied successfully: 5 crops since Dec 2012 – May 2015 in 1,000 ha rice field ~
4,000 ha crops, increasing 15-20% yields in non-favorable weather condition in SRI
field, increasing ~15% income for around 9,000 farmers households with more than
9,000 female.

GHG emission measurement in 4 crops, confirming reduction ~ 4tons CO2e/ha/crop ->
confirm reduction of 25% CH4 and N2O emission,

SRI protocol and guidelines packages

INDC, Provincial agriculture SRI upscaling plan, MARD Irrigation decision,
15
•
Introduction of straw baling machines: 720 metric tons (Mt) of straw collected
and utilized
•
Introduction of 4 rice husk briquetting machines: 280 - 560 Mt of rice husk
briquetted and used to replace coal
•
Development of a sustainable supply chain for gasifier stoves
 800 gasifier stoves commercially distributed (90% women users)
 Reduce household Indoor Air Pollution from cooking (for women, children)
•
1,500 Mt of CO2 avoided from open-burning and fossil fuels use
•
40 key local trainers in rice residue utilization and RE applications
•
6,000 farmers trained on rice residue management for - 80% are women.
•
Economic savings from cooking + more local jobs created
16
Title
17
SNV Project 2: CSA and Women Economic empowerment
•
Title: “Enhancing Opportunities for
Women Entrepreneurship”
(FLOW/EOWE)
•
Location: Quảng Bình, Bình Định, Ninh
Thuan and Binh Thuan (intervention)
and national level (advocacy)
•
Duration: 2016 – 2020
•
Project holder: SNV
•
Partners: Vietnam Women Union,
MARD, VCCI, Vietnam Cooperative
Alliance, provincial WU, DARD
•
Donor: Dutch Government DGIS
(partly follow-up SSC project, and further
development)
18
Project components
2. Business –
CSA and women economic empowerment
(Cooperatives, Primary producers, SMEs)
3. Enabling environment – policy influencing
(gender sensitive, business/cooperatives
promotion)
4. Capacity building,
Knowledge management
1. Gender transformation – challenge norms
19
Targets
 20,000 farmers including >10,000 women increase income through application
of climate smart agriculture/advanced farming techniques (SRI) and enhanced
agribusiness via key value chains: Rice and Horticulture
 Women’s business capacity, roles, voice, decision, leadership, workload,
access to inputs, technology, market
 20 cooperatives, 100 SMEs and production groups
 Gender sensitive policies enforcement; national target policies integrated
gender equality
20
•
•
Key leads
SRI protocol application in selected cooperatives (2016:
12 cooperatives, 900 ha; 2017: 1,000ha)
Enhanced by women economic empowerment approach
and expected outcome:
- Women have stronger access to farming techniques,
capacity building
- Women leadership promoted – women lead farmers
groups and cooperative board
- Reducing field farming workload for women and men
- Household dialogue for husband sharing house work
- Socio-behaviour change communication and
awareness raising in gender equality
21
Opportunities
• Important attention from MARD and MONRE on SRI/lowcarbon, low risk farming technique and RE residues measures
 Rice re-structuring, INDC, New Rural development programme
 Market Gaps for Greener/cleaner rice
• Strong commitment from local DARD, agriculture sector,
women union and farmers, recognizing socio-economic benefit
• Strong poverty reduction/socio-economic development solution
• Effective linkage technical agencies and mass organization on
socio-economic development and gender equality/women
economic empowerment
• Good cooperation from MARD/its institutes, Universities,
institutes, NGOs and relevant stakeholders.
22
Challenges
• Influences from agriculture materials suppliers companies (seeds,
fertilizer) with huge promotion to sell more
• Limitation of stable and favorable water management system and
centralized water management context
• Hesitance and conservative rice methodology (over consuming seeds
and fertilizer, keep field floody etc)
• Lack of national/regional mapping of soil/farming techniques, irrigation
etc. for better crop/farming planning
• Requirement of strong monitor on protocol application
• Rice price drops while high yield gained especially success harvest (also
influenced by world market).
• MRV for rice, consistent GHG emission measurement and
consensus of scientists on SRI/GHG
23
Thank you
Tran Tu Anh, Programme manager
Climate smart agriculture and gender
(FLOW/EOWE, WEAVE, Gender/ClimateChange)
SNV Vietnam
Email: [email protected]
24