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Smaller Bodies in the Solar System By Kynsey Creel http://www.agdesktop. com/wallpapers\space\ stars\star-0005.jpg •Asteriod Belt Topics •Pictures •History of Discovery •Kuiper Belt •Theories •Comets •Meteoroids •Meteors •Merteorites •The Difference Between the three http://www.astronomy.co m/asy/objects/images/hu bble-galaxysilhouettejpg.jpg The Asteroid Belt • The Main Belt • Located roughly between Mars and Jupiter • Comprised of asteroids and minor planets – Half the mass in 4 bodies • Ceres (smallest Dwarf Planet) 4 Vesta, 2 Pallas, 10 Hygiea – Diameter more than 400 m • Smallest bodies range down to dust particles • Asteroids can be classified by spectra – carbonaceous (C-type), Silicate (S-type), Metalrich (M-type) http://upload.wiki media.org/wikipedi a/commons/f/f3/In nerSolarSystemen.png http://2.bp.blogspot. com/__e2VLp6gwyk/ SUaIeuNzilI/AAAAAA AABm8/wu2sJGWes PE/s320/275pxPallasHST2007.jpg http://upload.wiki media.org/wikipe dia/commons/f/fc /Ceres_optimized. jpg 2 Pallas Ceres http://www.johns tonsarchive.net/a stro/gallery/Vesta .jpg 4 Vesta 10 Hygiea http://4.bp.blogspot.co m/_5PcuUnvp1a4/SfzS3 GYRNyI/AAAAAAAAAW0 /warXj5RyD4w/s400/hyg iea.jpg History of Observations Giuseppe Piazzi • In 1800 astronomer Franz Xaver von Zach assembled the Celestial Police • Searching for “the missing planet” between mars and Jupiter • Based off Predictions by Johann Daniel Titius vonWittenburg • In 1801 Giuseppe Piazzi discovered the planet “Ceres” • William Herschel categorized Ceres and the other dwarf planets as asteroids , “star like” http://upload.wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/ 9/92/Giuseppe_Piazzi.jpg Kuiper Belt • Lays outside Neptune’s orbit • Similar to Asteroid belt except much larger • Comprised of frozen volatiles – Methane, ammonia, water (ice) – Pluto, Haumea, Makemake • Discovered in 1992 after the discovery of Pluto (might not be alone) http://upload.w ikimedia.org/wi kipedia/commo ns/8/81/Outers olarsystem_obje ctpositions_labe ls_comp.png History and Theories • Fredrick Leonard: First Astronomer to suggest outer Neptunian bodies • Kenneth Edgeworth: hypothesized that the region beyond Neptune was too widely spaced for Planets • Gerard Kuiper: suggested a “disk” outside Neptune http://upload.wi kimedia.org/wiki pedia/commons /0/0b/GerardKui per.jpg Gerard Kuiper Comets • Small Solar System bodies that orbit the sun – Orbital periods take up to hundreds of thousands of years – Short period comets originate in the Kuiper Belt – Thrown out of the belt by gravitational pulls • • • • Coma (fuzzy “atmosphere”) and a tail Ice, dust, rocky particles Range from a few km- 10 km across 3,648 known comets (increasing) http://en.wikipedi a.org/wiki/File:Co met-Hale-Bopp29-031997_hires_adj.jp g http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Fi le:060227c omet.jpg http://en.wikip edia.org/wiki/F ile:17pHolmes_ 071104_eder_ vga.jpg http://en.wikipe dia.org/wiki/File: Jupiter_showing _SL9_impact_sit es.jpg Meteoroids/Meteors/Meteorites • Meteoroids- sand (micrometeoroids) to boulder size, part of meteor showers – Orbit the sun at various velocities – Collide with Earth if in retrograde motion at speeds ~70km/s • Meteoroids that enter earth’s atmosphere are meteors • Meteors that reach Earth’s surface are meteorites http://en.wikipedia.org/wi ki/File:IMG_8505n3.JPG http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/File:Meteo r_burst.jpg Summary Asteroid Belt/Main Belt Mars and Jupiter Discovery by Guiseppe Piazzi Kuiper Belt theories behind it (Gerard Kuiper) Comets Meteoroids/Meteors/Meteorites http://jzholloway.files. wordpress.com/2008/ 07/jupitermilkyway070 108-sb-1b.jpg The End Complements to wiki