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OPIOIDS 2009 / COCAINE 2009 <101>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 0020180662
Authors Castells X. Kosten T.R. Capella D. Vidal X. Colom J. Casas M.
Institution
(Castells, Kosten, Capella, Vidal, Colom, Casas) Psychiatry Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron,
Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Efficacy of opiate maintenance therapy and adjunctive interventions for opioid
dependence with comorbid cocaine use disorders: A systematic review and metaanalysis of controlled clinical trials.
Source
The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse. 35(5)(pp 339-349), 2009. Date of
Publication: 2009.
Abstract
AIMS: To determine the efficacy of Opiate Maintenance Therapy (OMT) and adjunctive
interventions for dual heroin and cocaine dependence by means of a meta-analysis.
METHOD: We searched for and retrieved randomized controlled clinical trials. We used
RevMan 5.0 with random effects modeling for statistical analysis and for comparisons of
relative risk, effect sizes, and confidence intervals. Subsequent moderator variables and
sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS: Thirty-seven studies, which have enrolled
3,029 patients, have been included in this meta-analysis. High doses of OMT were more
efficacious than lower ones in the achievement of sustained heroin abstinence (RR = 2.24
[1.54, 3.24], p < .0001) but had no effect on cocaine abstinence. At equivalent doses,
methadone was more efficacious than buprenorphine on cocaine abstinence (RR = 1.63
[1.20, 2.22], p = .002) and also appeared to be superior on heroin abstinence (RR = 1.39
[1.00, 1.93], p = .05). Several pharmacological and psychological potentiation strategies have
been investigated. An improvement on sustained cocaine abstinence was achieved with
indirect dopaminergic agonists (RR = 1.44 [1.05, 1.98], p = .03) and with contingency
management (CM) focusing on cocaine abstinence (RR = 3.11 [1.80, 5.35], p < .0001).
CONCLUSIONS: Dual opioid and cocaine dependence can be effectively treated with OMT in
combination with adjunctive interventions. Higher OMT doses are preferable to lower ones
and methadone to buprenorphine. OMT can be enhanced with indirect dopaminergic drugs
and with CM focusing on cocaine abstinence.
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse
Volume 35
Issue Part 5
Page 339-349
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication 2009
COCAINE 2009 <661>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 20001286
Status MEDLINE
Authors Small AC. Kampman KM. Plebani J. De Jesus Quinn M. Peoples L. Lynch KG.
Authors Full Name Small, A C. Kampman, K M. Plebani, J. De Jesus Quinn, M. Peoples, L. Lynch, K G.
Institution
Treatment Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Title
Tolerance and sensitization to the effects of cocaine use in humans: a retrospective
study of long-term cocaine users in Philadelphia.
Source
Substance Use & Misuse. 44(13):1888-98, 2009.
Journal Name
Substance Use & Misuse
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
In the effort to develop medications to combat addiction, researchers have developed
models that attempt to describe the neurobiological process of cocaine dependence. It has
not, however, yet been determined which of these models, if any, best fits the behaviors and
experiences of patients. This project retrospectively evaluated changes in patients'
experiences with cocaine over time in order to clarify the model that best fits clinical
observations. In 2005 and 2007, 100 treatment-seeking, long-term cocaine users were
recruited from an urban university-based treatment center in Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Each participant was administered the "Cocaine History Questionnaire" which asked them to
describe the initiation and escalation of their cocaine usage, changing reward perceptions,
and effects of intoxication at certain points in their drug use careers. This data was then
analyzed using repeated measures, examining the within subject differences in reported
information over the time points. We found evidence that while the amount of drug used
increases, self-reported euphoria decreases while negative symptoms associated with
cocaine use also increase. The data provide preliminary evidence for the hedonic
dysregulation model of addiction. Limitations and implications of the study are discussed in
the conclusion.
Publication Type Journal Article. Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural.
Date of Publication 2009
Year of Publication 2009
Issue/Part 13
Volume 44
Page 1888-98
COCAINE <669>
Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R)
Unique Identifier 19874156
Status MEDLINE
Authors Sanchez-Hervas E. Secades-Villa R. Jose Santonja Gomez F. Zacares Romaguera F. Garcia-Rodriguez
O.
Authors Full Name Sanchez-Hervas, Emilio. Secades-Villa, Roberto. Jose Santonja Gomez, Francisco. Zacares
Romaguera, Francisco. Garcia-Rodriguez, Olaya.
Institution
UCA Catarroja. Dpt. 10. Valencia Regional Health Department, Valencia, Spain.
Title
Addictive severity in cocaine addicts measured with the EuropASI: differences
between composite scores and severity ratings.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 18(5):375-8, 2009 Sep-Oct.
Journal Name
American Journal on Addictions
Country of Publication
England
Abstract
In this study we present the addiction severity profile in a sample of 202 cocaine addicts,
using the composite scores for each area of the EuropASI (European version of the ASI),
which are compared with the severity ratings obtained through interviewers' subjective
assessments. The results showed that the areas of the EuropASI which reflected the greatest
severity according to the composite scores were, in the following order: employment/support,
family/social situation, use of alcohol and psychiatric state. The results obtained with the
composite scores show discrepancies with those obtained from the severity rating.
Statistically significant differences were found in the areas of alcohol (Z = -6.205; p < 0.001),
drugs (Z = -11.902; p < 0.001), family/social (Z = -6.915; p < 0.001) and psychiatric status (Z
= -6.651; p < 0.001). The results call into question the reliability and validity of severity ratings
obtained through interviewers' subjective assessments. For diagnosis and research, a more
objective appraisal is recommended, using composite scores, since severity ratings depend
totally on the interviewer's judgement, and do not appear to constitute a sound measure for
estimating therapeutic change.
Publication Type Comparative Study. Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't.
Date of Publication 2009 Sep-Oct
Year of Publication 2009
Issue/Part 5
Volume 18
Page 375-8
COCAINE 2009 <133>
DatabaseEMBASE
Accession Number 2009128491
Authors Woicik P.A. Moeller S.J. Alia-Klein N. Maloney T. Lukasik T.M. Yeliosof O. Wang G.-J. Volkow N.D.
Goldstein R.Z.
Institution
(Woicik, Alia-Klein, Maloney, Lukasik, Yeliosof, Wang, Goldstein) Brookhaven National Laboratory, Medical
Department, Upton, NY, United States.
(Moeller) Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
(Volkow) National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD, United States.
(Woicik) Brookhaven National Laboratory, Medical Department, PO Box 5000, Upton, NY 11973-5000, United
States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
The neuropsychology of cocaine addiction: Recent cocaine use masks impairment.
Source
Neuropsychopharmacology. 34(5)(pp 1112-1122), 2009. Date of Publication: April 2009.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
Abstract
Individuals with current cocaine use disorders (CUD) form a heterogeneous group, making
sensitive neuropsychological (NP) comparisons with healthy individuals difficult. The current
study examined the effects on NP functioning of four factors that commonly vary among CUD:
urine status for cocaine (positive vs negative on study day), cigarette smoking, alcohol
consumption, and dysphoria. Sixty-four cocaine abusers were matched to healthy comparison
subjects on gender and race; the groups also did not differ in measures of general intellectual
functioning. All subjects were administered an extensive NP battery measuring attention,
executive function, memory, facial and emotion recognition, and motor function. Compared
with healthy control subjects, CUD exhibited performance deficits on tasks of attention,
executive function, and verbal memory (within one standard deviation of controls). Although
CUD with positive urine status, who had higher frequency and more recent cocaine use,
reported greater symptoms of dysphoria, these cognitive deficits were most pronounced in the
CUD with negative urine status. Cigarette smoking, frequency of alcohol consumption, and
dysphoria did not alter these results. The current findings replicate a previously reported
statistically significant, but relatively mild NP impairment in CUD as compared with matched
healthy control individuals and further suggest that frequent/recent cocaine may mask
underlying cognitive (but not mood) disturbances. These results call for development of
pharmacological agents targeted to enhance cognition, without negatively impacting mood in
individuals addicted to cocaine. copyright 2009 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved.
ISSN 0893-133X
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume 34
Issue Part 5
Page 1112-1122
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication April 2009
COCAINE (A) 2009 <150>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009076604
Authors Peng X.-Q. Ashby Jr. C.R. Spiller K. Li X. Li J. Thomasson N. Millan M.J. Mocaer E. Munoz C. Gardner E.L.
Xi Z.-X.
Institution
(Peng, Spiller, Li, Li, Gardner, Xi) National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, 251 Bayview
Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
(Ashby Jr.) Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, St. John's
University, Jamaica, NY 11439, United States.
(Thomasson, Mocaer, Munoz) Neuropsychiatry Department, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, 92615
Courbevoie, France.
(Millan) Psychopharmacology Department, Institut de Recherches Servier, Centre de Recherches de Croissy,
78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
The preferential dopamine D3 receptor antagonist S33138 inhibits cocaine reward and
cocaine-triggered relapse to drug-seeking behavior in rats.
Source
Neuropharmacology. 56(4)(pp 752-760), 2009. Date of Publication: March 2009.
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
We have previously reported that selective dopamine (DA) D3 receptor antagonists are
effective in a number of animal models of drug addiction, but not in intravenous drug selfadministration, suggesting a limited ability to modify drug reward. In the present study, we
evaluated the actions of S33138, a novel partially selective D3 receptor antagonist, in animal
models relevant to drug addiction. S33138, at doses of 0.156 or 0.625 mg/kg (i.p.), attenuated
cocaine-enhanced brain-stimulation reward (BSR), and the highest dose tested (2.5 mg/kg)
produced a significant aversive-like rightward shift in BSR rate-frequency reward functions.
Further, S33138 produced biphasic effects on cocaine self-administration, i.e., a moderate
dose (2.5 mg/kg, p.o.) increased, while a higher dose (5 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited, cocaine selfadministration. The increase in cocaine self-administration likely reflects a compensatory
response to a partial reduction in drug reward after S33138. In addition, S33138 (0.156-2.5
mg/kg, p.o.) also dose-dependently inhibited cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking
behavior. The reduction in cocaine-enhanced BSR and cocaine-triggered reinstatement
produced by lower effective doses (e.g., 0.156 or 0.625 mg/kg) of S33138 is unlikely due to
impaired locomotion, as lower effective doses of S33138 decreased neither Ymax levels in
the BSR paradigm, rotarod performance, nor locomotion. However, the higher doses (2.5 or 5
mg/kg) of S33138 also significantly inhibited sucrose self-administration and rotarod
performance, suggesting non-D3 receptor-mediated effects on non-drug reward and
locomotion. These data suggest that lower doses of S33138 interacting essentially with D3
receptors have pharmacotherapeutic potential in treatment of cocaine addiction, while higher
doses occupying D2 receptors may influence locomotion and non-drug reward.
ISSN 0028-3908
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Neuropharmacology
Volume 56
Issue Part 4
Page 752-760
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication March 2009
COCAINE 2009 <153>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009086572
Authors Hamilton J.D. Nguyen Q.X. Gerber R.M. Rubio N.B.
Institution
(Hamilton) Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States.
(Hamilton) VA South Central Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Houston, TX, United States.
(Hamilton) Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX,
United States.
(Nguyen, Gerber, Rubio) Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and
Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
(Hamilton) Baylor College of Medicine,
(Hamilton) 4413 Betty St., Bellaire, TX 77401, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Olanzapine in cocaine dependence: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Source
American Journal on Addictions. 18(1)(pp 48-52), 2009. Date of Publication: January 2009.
Publisher
Informa Healthcare
Abstract
Preclinical and uncontrolled human studies have suggested the possible efficacy of secondgeneration antipsychotics, particularly olanzapine, in treating cocaine dependence. We
conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which 48 cocainedependent subjects received olanzapine or identical-appearing placebo for 16 weeks. The
primary outcome measure was the proportion of cocaine-negative weekly urine screens
during treatment. Secondary measures included scores on a Craving Questionnaire,
Addiction Severity Index subscales, and extrapyramidal symptom scales. Olanzapine and
placebo did not differ on any outcome measure. Both olanzapine and placebo subjects
frequently reported side effects, but no unexpected ones. We conclude that olanzapine
appears ineffective for cocaine dependence. Copyright copyright American Academy of
Addiction Psychiatry.
ISSN 1055-0496
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name American Journal on Addictions
Volume 18
Issue Part 1
Page 48-52
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication January 2009
COCAINE 2009 <194>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009008514
Authors Heberlein U. Tsai L.T.-Y. Kapfhamer D. Lasek A.W.
Institution
(Heberlein, Tsai) Department of Anatomy, Program in Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 1550
4th Street, Rock Hall, Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA 94143-2324, United States.
(Heberlein, Kapfhamer, Lasek) Ernest Gallo Clinic, Research Center, 5858 Horton Street, Suite 200, Emeryville, CA
94112, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Drosophila, a genetic model system to study cocaine-related behaviors: A review with
focus on LIM-only proteins.
Source
Neuropharmacology. 56(SUPPL. 1)(pp 97-106), 2009. Date of Publication: 2009.
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
In the last decade, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, highly accessible to genetic,
behavioral and molecular analyses, has been introduced as a novel model organism to help
decipher the complex genetic, neurochemical, and neuroanatomical underpinnings of
behaviors induced by drugs of abuse. Here we review these data, focusing specifically on
cocaine-related behaviors. Several of cocaine's most characteristic properties have been
recapitulated in Drosophila. First, cocaine induces motor behaviors in flies that are remarkably
similar to those observed in mammals. Second, repeated cocaine administration induces
behavioral sensitization a form of behavioral plasticity believed to underlie certain aspects of
addiction. Third, a key role for dopaminergic systems in mediating cocaine's effects has been
demonstrated through both pharmacological and genetic methods. Finally, and most
importantly, unbiased genetic screens, feasible because of the simplicity and scale with which
flies can be manipulated in the laboratory, have identified several novel genes and pathways
whose role in cocaine behaviors had not been anticipated. Many of these genes and
pathways have been validated in mammalian models of drug addiction. We focus in this
review on the role of LIM-only proteins in cocaine-induced behaviors. copyright 2008 Elsevier
Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0028-3908
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Neuropharmacology
Volume 56
Issue Part SUPPL. 1
Page 97-106
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication 2009
COCAINE 2009 <195>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009000494
Authors Stalnaker T.A. Takahashi Y. Roesch M.R. Schoenbaum G.
Institution
(Stalnaker, Takahashi, Roesch, Schoenbaum) Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland
School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, HSF-2 Room S251, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
(Schoenbaum) Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn Street, HSF-2 Room
S251, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
(Schoenbaum) Department of Psychology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21228, United
States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Neural substrates of cognitive inflexibility after chronic cocaine exposure.
Source
Neuropharmacology. 56(SUPPL. 1)(pp 63-72), 2009. Date of Publication: 2009.
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
Cognitive changes in addicts and animals exposed to addictive drugs have been extensively
investigated over the past decades. One advantage of studying addiction using cognitive
paradigms is that neural processing in addicts or drug-exposed animals can be compared to
that in normal subjects. Tests of cognitive flexibility that measure the ability to change
responding to a previously rewarded or punished stimulus are of potential interest in the study
of addiction, because addiction can itself be viewed as an inability to change responding to
stimuli previously associated with drug reward. One such test is reversal learning, which is
impaired in cocaine addicts and animals that have chronically self-administered or been
exposed to cocaine. A circuit including orbitofrontal cortex, basolateral amygdala and striatum
subserves reversal learning. In rats that have been previously exposed to cocaine, neurons in
these regions show selective and distinct changes in how they encode information during
reversal learning. These changes suggest that in these rats, orbitofrontal cortex loses the
ability to signal expected outcomes, and basolateral amygdala becomes inflexible in its
encoding of cue significance. These changes could explain cocaine-induced impairments to
cognitive flexibility and may have theoretical importance in addiction. copyright 2008 Elsevier
Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0028-3908
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Neuropharmacology
Volume 56
Issue Part SUPPL. 1
Page 63-72
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication 2009
COCAINE 2009 <230>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009022224
Authors Oleson E.B. Roberts D.C.S.
Institution
(Oleson, Roberts) Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University, School of Medicine,
Winston-Salem, NC, United States.
(Roberts) Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University, School of Medicine, Medical
Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Behavioral economic assessment of price and cocaine consumption following selfadministration histories that produce escalation of either final ratios or intake.
Source
Neuropsychopharmacology. 34(3)(pp 796-804), 2009. Date of Publication: February 2009.
Publisher
Nature Publishing Group
Abstract
Various self-administration procedures are being developed to model specific aspects of the
addiction process. For example, 'increased cocaine intake over time' has been modeled by
providing long access (LgA) to cocaine during daily self-administration sessions under a fixedratio (FR1) reinforcement schedule. In addition, 'increased time and energy devoted to
acquire cocaine' has been modeled by providing access to cocaine during daily selfadministration sessions under a progressive-ratio (PR) schedule. To investigate the
distinctiveness of these models, the behavioral economics variables of consumption and price
were applied to cocaine self-administration data. To assess changes in consumption and
price, cocaine self-administration was tested across a descending series of doses (0.2370.001 mg per injection) under an FR1 reinforcement schedule to measure drug intake in the
high dose range and thresholds in the low range. Cocaine consumption remained relatively
stable across doses until a threshold was reached, at which maximal responding was
observed. It was found that a history of LgA training produced an increase in cocaine
consumption; whereas a history of PR training produced an increase in the maximal price
(Pmax) expended for cocaine. Importantly, the concepts of consumption and price were found
to be dissociable. That is, LgA training produced an increase in consumption but a decrease
in Pmax, whereas PR training produced an increase in Pmax without increasing consumption.
These results suggest that distinct aspects of the addiction process can be parsed using selfadministration models, thereby facilitating the investigation of specific neurobiological
adaptations that occur through the addiction process. copyright 2009 Nature Publishing
Group All rights reserved.
ISSN 0893-133X
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Neuropsychopharmacology
Volume 34
Issue Part 3
Page 796-804
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication February 2009
COCAINE (A) 2009 <334>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009300997
Authors Boudreau A.C. Ferrario C.R. Glucksman M.J. Wolf M.E.
Institution
(Wolf) Department of Neuroscience, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science,
3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064-3095, United States.
(Boudreau, Ferrario, Wolf) Department of Neuroscience, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science,
North Chicago, IL, United States.
(Glucksman) Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and
Science, North Chicago, IL, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Signaling pathway adaptations and novel protein kinase A substrates related to
behavioral sensitization to cocaine.
Source
Journal of Neurochemistry. 110(1)(pp 363-377), 2009. Date of Publication: July 2009.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
Behavioral sensitization is an animal model for aspects of cocaine addiction. Cocainesensitized rats exhibit increased AMPA receptor (AMPAR) surface expression in the nucleus
accumbens (NAc) which may in turn enhance drug seeking. To identify signaling pathways
contributing to AMPAR up-regulation, we measured AMPAR surface expression and signaling
pathway activation in the NAc of cocaine-sensitized rats, cocaine-exposed rats that failed to
sensitize and saline controls on withdrawal days (WD) 1, 7, and 21. We focused on
calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), extracellular signal-regulated
protein kinase (ERK), and protein kinase A (PKA). In sensitized rats, AMPAR surface
expression was elevated on WD7 and WD21 but not WD1. ERK2 activation followed a
parallel time-course, suggesting a role in AMPAR up-regulation. Both sensitized and nonsensitized rats exhibited CaMKII activation on WD7, suggesting that CaMKII activation is not
sufficient for AMPAR up-regulation. PKA phosphorylation, measured using an antibody
recognizing phosphorylated PKA substrates, increased gradually over withdrawal in
sensitized rats, from below control levels on WD1 to significantly greater than controls on
WD21. Using proteomics, novel sensitization-related PKA substrates were identified,
including two structural proteins (CRMP-2 and alpha-tubulin) that we speculate may link PKA
signaling to previously reported dendritic remodeling in NAc neurons of cocaine-sensitized
rats. copyright 2009 International Society for Neurochemistry.
ISSN 0022-3042
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Journal of Neurochemistry
Volume 110
Issue Part 1
Page 363-377
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication July 2009
COCAINE / AMPHETAMINES 2009 <347>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009309721
Authors Zahniser N.R. Sorkin A.
Institution
(Zahniser, Sorkin) Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, 12800 E. 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO
80045, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Trafficking of dopamine transporters in psychostimulant actions.
Source
Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology. 20(4)(pp 411-417), 2009. Date of Publication:
June 2009.
Publisher
Academic Press
Abstract
Brain dopamine (DA) plays a pivotal role in drug addiction. Since the plasma membrane DA
transporter (DAT) is critical for terminating DA neurotransmission, it is important to
understand how DATs are regulated and this regulation impacts drug addiction. The number
of cell surface DATs is controlled by constitutive and regulated endocytic trafficking.
Psychostimulants impact this trafficking. Amphetamines, DAT substrates, cause rapid upregulation and slower down-regulation of DAT whereas cocaine, a DAT inhibitor, increases
surface DATs. Recent reports have begun to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of these
psychostimulant effects and link changes in DAT trafficking to psychostimulant-induced
reward/reinforcement in animal models. copyright 2009.
ISSN 1084-9521
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology
Volume 20
Issue Part 4
Page 411-417
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication June 2009
COCAINE 2009 <350>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009270441
Authors del Castillo C. Morales L. Alguacil L.F. Salas E. Garrido E. Alonso E. Perez-Garcia C.
Institution
(del Castillo, Morales, Alguacil, Salas, Garrido, Alonso, Perez-Garcia) Department of Pharmacology, Technology
and Pharmaceutical Development, University CEU San Pablo, Spain.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Proteomic analysis of the nucleus accumbens of rats with different vulnerability to
cocaine addiction.
Source
Neuropharmacology. 57(1)(pp 41-48), 2009. Date of Publication: July 2009.
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
Vulnerability to the addictive effects of drugs of abuse varies among individuals, but the
biological basis of these differences are poorly known. This work tries to increase this
knowledge by comparing the brain proteome of animals with different rate of extinction of
cocaine-seeking behaviour. To achieve this goal, we used a place-preference paradigm to
separate Sprague Dawley rats in two groups: rats that extinguished (E) and rats that did not
extinguish (NE) cocaine-seeking behaviour after a five-day period of drug abstinence. Once
the phenotype was established, we compared the protein expression in the nucleus
accumbens (NAC) of these animals after a single injection of either saline (SAL) or cocaine
(COC, 15 mg/kg). The analysis of protein expression was performed by 2-dimensional
electrophoresis followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass
spectrometry. When comparing E SAL and NE SAL animals we found significant differences
in the expression level of 5 proteins: ATP synthase subunit alpha, fumarate hydratase,
transketolase, NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2 and glutathione transferase
omega-1. A single injection of COC differently alters the NAC proteome of E and NE rats;
thus in E COC animals there was an alteration in the expression of 6 proteins, including
dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 and NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha
subcomplex subunit 10; whereas in NE COC rats 9 proteins were altered (including alphasynuclein, peroxiredoxin-2 and peroxiredoxin-5). These proteins could be potential
biomarkers of individual vulnerability to cocaine abuse and may be helpful in designing new
treatments for cocaine addiction. copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0028-3908
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Neuropharmacology
Volume 57
Issue Part 1
Page 41-48
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication July 2009
COCAINE 2009 <394>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009319826
Authors Kelamangalath L. Wagner J.J.
Institution
(Kelamangalath, Wagner) Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, 501 D.W. Brooks
Drive, Athens, GA 30602-7389, United States.
(Kelamangalath, Wagner) Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
(Wagner) Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Effects of abstinence or extinction on cocaine seeking as a function of withdrawal
duration.
Source
Behavioural Pharmacology. 20(2)(pp 195-203), 2009. Date of Publication: March 2009.
Publisher
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Abstract
The resumption of drug-seeking behavior after abstinence or extinction is commonly studied
model for relapse in addiction. For the benefits of extinction training over a given withdrawal
period to be determined, it is necessary to discriminate between the potentially overlapping
occurrence of incubation with that of spontaneous recovery. This comparison has been
assessed using a between-subjects design in groups of abstinent and extinguished rats
tested at various withdrawal periods after cocaine self-administration. Multiple forms of
priming were used to evoke the resumption of drug seeking, as different priming stimuli have
been reported to use distinct neurobiological mechanisms and therefore may exhibit different
temporal characteristics. In abstinent animals (30 days), neither the noncontingent
conditioned stimuli-primed nor the noncontingent cocaine-primed drug seeking displayed
incubation, whereas the drug seeking provoked by exposure to the contextual cues of the
operant chamber significantly increased. In extinguished animals, evidence of spontaneous
recovery of responding was observed after priming with exposure to either contextual or
cocaine-priming stimuli. Finally, extinction training remained effective in reducing the
reinstatement response levels after contextual or cocaine priming even if such training was
initiated after an extended period (24 days) of abstinence. These findings provide further
insight into the time-dependent effects of abstinence and extinction on the resumption of
drug-seeking behavior. copyright 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
ISSN 0955-8810
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Behavioural Pharmacology
Volume 20
Issue Part 2
Page 195-203
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication March 2009
COCAINE 2009 <418>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009357878
Authors Fox H.C. Jackson E.D. Sinha R.
Institution
(Fox, Jackson, Sinha) Yale Stress Center, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 2 Church
St. South, Suite 209, Room 209Q, New Haven, CT 06519, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Elevated cortisol and learning and memory deficits in cocaine dependent individuals:
Relationship to relapse outcomes.
Source
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 34(8)(pp 1198-1207), 2009. Date of Publication: September
2009.
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
Objective: Cocaine dependence is characterized by stress system dysregulation, including
elevated cortisol activity, emotional negativity, and behavioral disinhibition. High levels of
stress and glucocorticoids are also known to affect learning, memory and executive function.
Therefore, we examined the relationships between chronic cocaine use, elevated distress and
learning and memory dysfunction in abstinent cocaine dependent (CD) individuals, and
whether these measures were associated with cocaine relapse outcomes. Method: Stress
was assessed in 36 inpatient treatment engaged CD individuals and 36 demographically
matched healthy control (HC) participants using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and
repeated morning salivary cortisol levels over three consecutive days. The Rey Auditory
Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) was conducted to measure verbal learning, memory, and
executive function. Prospective assessment of cocaine use outcomes during 90 days
following discharge from inpatient treatment was also conducted. Results: CD patients
showed higher levels of distress compared to controls in PSS scores and cortisol levels. They
also demonstrated a significantly reduced learning curve, and fewer correct responses and
more errors on recognition. Elevated cortisol was significantly associated with worse RAVLT
performance in CD patients. Poor memory scores, but not distress measures, were
significantly associated with greater cocaine use after inpatient treatment. Conclusions: These
findings are the first to demonstrate that learning and memory deficits in CD individuals are
associated with enhanced cortisol and with cocaine use outcomes after inpatient treatment.
The findings are consistent with recent addiction models suggesting that chronic cocainerelated neuroadaptations affects learning and memory function, which in turn, influences drug
use outcomes. copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
ISSN 0306-4530
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Psychoneuroendocrinology
Volume 34
Issue Part 8
Page 1198-1207
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication September 2009
COCAINE 2009 <436>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009412452
Authors Defulio A. Donlin W.D. Wong C.J. Silverman K.
Institution
(Defulio, Donlin, Wong, Silverman) Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 5200 Eastern Avenue,
Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Employment-based abstinence reinforcement as a maintenance intervention for the
treatment of cocaine dependence: A randomized controlled trial.
Source
Addiction. 104(9)(pp 1530-1538), 2009. Date of Publication: September 2009.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
Context Due to the chronic nature of cocaine dependence, long-term maintenance
treatments may be required to sustain abstinence. Abstinence reinforcement is among the
most effective means of initiating cocaine abstinence. Practical and effective means of
maintaining abstinence reinforcement programs over time are needed. Objective To
determine whether employment-based abstinence reinforcement can be an effective longterm maintenance intervention for cocaine dependence. Design Participants (n = 128) were
enrolled in a 6-month job skills training and abstinence initiation program. Participants who
initiated abstinence, attended regularly and developed needed job skills during the first 6
months were hired as operators in a data entry business and assigned randomly to an
employment-only (control, n = 24) or abstinence-contingent employment (n = 27) group.
Setting A non-profit data entry business. Participants Unemployed welfare recipients who
used cocaine persistently while enrolled in methadone treatment in Baltimore. Intervention
Abstinence-contingent employment participants received 1 year of employment-based
contingency management, in which access to employment was contingent upon provision of
drug-free urine samples under routine and then random drug testing. If a participant provided
drug-positive urine or failed to provide a mandatory sample, then that participant received a
temporary reduction in pay and could not work until urinalysis confirmed recent abstinence.
Main outcome measure Cocaine-negative urine samples at monthly assessments across 1
year of employment. Results During the 1 year of employment, abstinence-contingent
employment participants provided significantly more cocaine-negative urine samples than
employment-only participants [79.3% and 50.7%, respectively; P = 0.004, odds ratio (OR) =
3.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.60-8.69]. Conclusions Employment-based abstinence
reinforcement that includes random drug testing is effective as a long-term maintenance
intervention, and is among the most promising treatments for drug dependence. Work-places
could serve as therapeutic agents in the treatment of drug dependence by arranging longterm employment-based contingency management programs. copyright 2009 Society for the
Study of Addiction.
ISSN 0965-2140
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction
Volume 104
Issue Part 9
Page 1530-1538
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication September 2009
COCAINE (A) 2009 <484>
Database
EMBASE
Accession Number
2009412433
Authors
Smith R.J. See R.E. Aston-Jones G.
Institution
(Smith, See, Aston-Jones) Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 403 Basic Science
Building, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425-5100, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Orexin/hypocretin signaling at the orexin 1 receptor regulates cue-elicited cocaineseeking.
Source
European Journal of Neuroscience. 30(3)(pp 493-503), 2009. Date of Publication: August
2009.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
The orexin/hypocretin system has recently been implicated in reward-processing and
addiction. We examined the involvement of the orexin system in cue-induced reinstatement of
extinguished cocaine-seeking by administering the orexin 1 receptor antagonist SB-334867
(SB) or the orexin 2 receptor antagonist 4-pyridylmethyl (S)-tert-leucyl 6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4tetrahydroisoquinoline (4PT) prior to reinstatement testing. Male Sprague Dawley rats selfadministered cocaine in 2-h sessions for 10 days, followed by extinction training.
Reinstatement of cocaine-seeking was elicited by presentation of tone + light cues previously
paired with cocaine infusions. SB (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg) dose-dependently decreased cueinduced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking without significantly affecting responding during
late extinction. 4PT (10 and 30 mg/kg) did not significantly alter cue-induced reinstatement. In
separate experiments, the highest doses of SB and 4PT had no significant effect on
established cocaine self-administration, and 4PT reduced spontaneous activity in a locomotor
test to a greater extent than SB. Finally, SB (30 mg/kg) had no effect on the acquisition of
cocaine-paired cues during a Pavlovian cocaine-stimulus conditioning session in the operant
chamber. Pretreatment with SB prior to the Pavlovian acquisition session had no effect on
subsequent cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking elicited by those cues. However,
pretreatment with SB prior to a second reinstatement session in the same animals
significantly attenuated the expression of cue-induced reinstatement. These results show that
orexin transmission at the orexin 1 receptor, but not the orexin 2 receptor, is necessary for the
reinstatement of cocaine-seeking elicited by drug-paired cues and that orexin signaling is not
critical for cocaine reinforcement or cocaine-stimulus conditioning. copyright Federation of
European Neuroscience Societies and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
ISSN 0953-816X
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name European Journal of Neuroscience
Volume 30
Issue Part 3
Page 493-503
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication August 2009
COCAINE (A) 2009 <490>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009418829
Authors Opris I. Hampson R.E. Deadwyler S.A.
Institution
(Opris, Hampson, Deadwyler) Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of
Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC 27157, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
The encoding of cocaine vs. natural rewards in the striatum of nonhuman primates:
categories with different activations.
Source
Neuroscience. 163(1)(pp 40-54), 2009. Date of Publication: 29 Sep 2009.
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
The behavioral and motivational changes that result from use of abused substances depend
upon activation of neuronal populations in the reward centers of the brain, located primarily in
the corpus striatum in primates. To gain insight into the cellular mechanisms through which
abused drugs reinforce behavior in the primate brain, changes in firing of neurons in the
ventral (VStr, nucleus accumbens) and dorsal (DStr, caudate-putamen) striatum to "natural"
(juice) vs. drug (i.v. cocaine) rewards were examined in four rhesus monkeys performing a
visual Go-Nogo decision task. Task-related striatal neurons increased firing to one or more of
the specific events that occurred within a trial represented by (1) Target stimuli (Go trials) or
(2) Nogotarget stimuli (Nogo trials), and (3) Reward delivery for correct performance. These
three cell populations were further subdivided into categories that reflected firing exclusively
on one or the other type of signaled reward (juice or cocaine) trial (20%-30% of all cells), or, a
second subpopulation that fired on both (cocaine and juice) types of rewarded trial (50%).
Results show that neurons in the primate striatum encoded cocaine-rewarded trials similar to
juice-rewarded trials, except for (1) increased firing on cocaine-rewarded trials, (2) prolonged
activation during delivery of i.v. cocaine infusion, and (3) differential firing in ventral (VStr
cells) vs. dorsal (DStr cells) striatum cocaine-rewarded trials. Reciprocal activations of
antithetic subpopulations of cells during different temporal intervals within the same trial
suggest a functional interaction between processes that encode drug and natural rewards in
the primate brain. copyright 2009 IBRO.
ISSN 0306-4522
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Neuroscience
Volume 163
Issue Part 1
Page 40-54
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication 29 Sep 2009
COCAINE / AMPHETAMINES 2009 <491>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009404849
Authors Borders T.F. Booth B.M. Falck R.S. Leukefeld C. Wang J. Carlson R.G.
Institution
(Borders) Department of Health Policy and Management, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences, United States.
(Booth) Division of Health Services Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical
Sciences, United States.
(Booth) VA Health Services Research and Development, Center for Mental Health and Outcomes Research,
Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, United States.
(Falck, Wang, Carlson) Center for Interventions, Treatment, and Addictions Research, Boonshoft School of
Medicine, Wright State University, United States.
(Leukefeld) Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Longitudinal changes in drug use severity and physical health-related quality of life
among untreated stimulant users.
Source
Addictive Behaviors. 34(11)(pp 959-964), 2009. Date of Publication: November 2009.
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether drug use severity is
associated with physical health-related quality of life (HRQL) over time. Data are from a
longitudinal, multi-state, natural history community study of users of cocaine and/or
methamphetamine who were interviewed at 6-month intervals over 2 years with a 79% followup participation rate. Physical HRQL was assessed with the physical component summary
(PCS) of the SF-8[trademark] Health Survey and drug, alcohol, and psychiatric severity were
all assessed with the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). Random coefficient regression analyses
were conducted to test for longitudinal associations between the independent variables and
SF-8 PCS scores. Reductions in drug use severity over time were accompanied by only minor
improvements in SF-8 PCS scores, underscoring the potential long-term harm of illicit drug
use on physical health. Greater psychiatric severity was strongly associated with lower SF-8
PCS scores, suggesting that clinical attention to mental health issues could potentially lead to
improvements in perceived physical health as well as among stimulant users. copyright 2009
Elsevier Ltd.
ISSN 0306-4603
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addictive Behaviors
Volume 34
Issue Part 11
Page 959-964
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication November 2009
COCAINE 2009 <517>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009459228
Authors Kim W.Y. Shin S.R. Kim S. Jeon S. Kim J.-H.
Institution
(Kim, Shin, Kim, Kim) Department of Physiology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Brain Research
Institute, 250 Seongsanno, Seodaemungu, Seoul 120-752, South Korea.
(Jeon) Medical Science Research Center, Institute of Biotechnology, Dongguk University Research, 814 Siksadong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-773, South Korea.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Cocaine regulates ezrin-radixin-moesin proteins and RhoA signaling in the nucleus
accumbens.
Source
Neuroscience. 163(2)(pp 501-505), 2009. Date of Publication: 06 Oct 2009.
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Abstract
The ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins are a family of widely distributed membraneassociated proteins and have been implicated not only in cell-shape determination but also in
signaling pathway. The nucleus accumbens (NAcc) is an important neuronal substrate
mediating the effects of drugs of abuse. However, it has not been determined yet how ERM
proteins are regulated in this site by drugs of abuse. Here we show in rat that the
phosphorylation levels of ERM protein are dose- and time-dependently decreased in the
NAcc by a single injection of cocaine (15 or 30 mg/kg i.p.). Further, we show that the amount
of active RhoA, a small GTPase protein, is significantly reduced in the NAcc by cocaine, while
the phosphorylation levels of ERM protein are also decreased by bilateral microinjections in
this site of the Rho kinase inhibitors. Together, these results suggest that cocaine reduces
phosphorylated ERM levels in the NAcc by making downregulation of RhoA-Rho kinase
signaling, which may importantly contribute to initiate synaptic changes in this site leading to
drug addiction. copyright 2009 IBRO.
ISSN 0306-4522
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Neuroscience
Volume 163
Issue Part 2
Page 501-505
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication 06 Oct 2009
COCAINE 2009 <524>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009472914
Authors Lyness J.R.
Institution
(Lyness) State Pathologist's Department, Institute of Forensic Medicine, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast
BT12 6BS, United Kingdom.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Cocaine: Recent trends in Northern Ireland.
Source
Ulster Medical Journal. 78(2)(pp 94-98), 2009. Date of Publication: May 2009.
Publisher
Ulster Medical Society
Abstract
A review of autopsy reports in cases in which cocaine featured in the cause of death in
Northern Ireland revealed that there were 18 deaths between 1st January 1999 and 31st
December 2007. Analysis revealed an increasing incidence of these deaths during the study
period and this is compared to national statistics and those published by local drug addiction
services and police. copyright The Ulster Medical Society, 2009.
ISSN 0041-6193
Publication Type Journal: Review
Journal Name Ulster Medical Journal
Volume 78
Issue Part 2
Page 94-98
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication May 2009
ECSTASY / COCAINE (A) 2009 <528>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009481220
Authors Daza-Losada M. Rodriguez-Arias M. Aguilar M.A. Minarro J.
Institution
(Daza-Losada, Rodriguez-Arias, Aguilar, Minarro) Unidad de Investigacion Psicobiologia de Las
Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibanez 21, 46010,
Valencia, Spain.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Acquisition and reinstatement of MDMA-induced conditioned place preference in
mice pre-treated with MDMA or cocaine during adolescence: PRECLINICAL STUDY.
Source
Addiction Biology. 14(4)(pp 447-456), 2009. Date of Publication: October 2009.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
Those who take ecstasy are more likely to consume other drugs than non-users with
cocaine abuse being reported by 75.5% of high school student MDMA (+/- 3,4methylenedioxymetamphetamine hydrochloride) users. The aim of this work was to evaluate
the effects of exposure during adolescence to MDMA, cocaine or to both drugs on the MDMAinduced conditioned place preference (CPP) in adult mice. Animals received two daily
administrations of saline, 10 mg/kg of MDMA, 25 mg/kg of cocaine or 10 mg/kg of MDMA plus
25 mg/kg of cocaine over 3 days (from PD28 to 30). Three weeks after pre-treatment, the
MDMA-induced CPP procedure was initiated (PD52). Acquisition of CPP was induced with a
sub-threshold dose of MDMA (1.25 mg/kg) only in animals treated during adolescence with
MDMA alone. Preference was established in all the groups after conditioning with 10 mg/kg of
MDMA, while the time required to achieve extinction was longer in those pre-treated with
cocaine or MDMA alone (46 and 28 sessions, respectively). Moreover, preference was
reinstated with progressively lower priming doses of MDMA in mice pre-treated with MDMA or
cocaine alone. These results demonstrate that early exposure to MDMA or cocaine induces
long-lasting changes that last until adulthood and modify the response of animals to MDMA.
copyright 2009 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 1355-6215
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction Biology
Volume 14
Issue Part 4
Page 447-456
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication October 2009
COCAINE 2009 <538>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009481210
Authors Pentkowski N.S. Acosta J.I. Browning J.R. Hamilton E.C. Neisewander J.L.
Institution
(Pentkowski, Acosta, Browning, Hamilton, Neisewander) Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, P.O.
Box 871104, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Stimulation of 5-HT1B receptors enhances cocaine reinforcement yet reduces
cocaine-seeking behavior: PRECLINICAL STUDY.
Source
Addiction Biology. 14(4)(pp 419-430), 2009. Date of Publication: October 2009.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
Paradoxically, stimulation of 5-HT1B receptors (5-HT 1BRs) enhances sensitivity to the
reinforcing effects of cocaine but attenuates incentive motivation for cocaine as measured
using the extinction/reinstatement model. We revisited this issue by examining the effects of a
5-HT1BR agonist, CP94253, on cocaine reinforcement and cocaine-primed reinstatement,
predicting that CP94253 would enhance cocaine-seeking behavior reinstated by a low priming
dose, similar to its effect on cocaine reinforcement. Rats were trained to self-administer
cocaine (0.75 mg/kg, i.v.) paired with light and tone cues. For reinstatement experiments, they
then underwent daily extinction training to reduce cocaine-seeking behavior (operant
responses without cocaine reinforcement). Next, they were pre-treated with CP94253 (3-10
mg/kg, s.c.) and either tested for cocaine-primed (10 or 2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) or cue-elicited
reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-seeking behavior. For reinforcement, effects of
CP94253 (5.6 mg/kg) across a range of self-administered cocaine doses (0-1.5 mg/kg, i.v.)
were examined. Cocaine dose-dependently reinstated cocaine-seeking behavior, but contrary
to our prediction, CP94253 reduced reinstatement with both priming doses. Similarly,
CP94253 reduced cue-elicited reinstatement. In contrast, CP94253 shifted the selfadministration dose-effect curve leftward, consistent with enhanced cocaine reinforcement.
When saline was substituted for cocaine, CP94253 reduced response rates (i.e. cocaineseeking behavior). In subsequent control experiments, CP94253 decreased open-arm
exploration in an elevated plus-maze suggesting an anxiogenic effect, but had no effect on
locomotion or sucrose reinforcement. These results provide strong evidence that stimulation
of 5-HT1BRs produces opposite effects on cocaine reinforcement and cocaine-seeking
behavior, and further suggest that 5-HT1BRs may be a novel target for developing
medications for cocaine dependence. copyright 2009 Society for the Study of Addiction.
ISSN 1355-6215
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Addiction Biology
Volume 14
Issue Part 4
Page 419-430
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication October 2009
COCAINE (A) 2009 <590>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009496555
Authors Neumaier J.F. McDevitt R.A. Polis I.Y. Parsons L.H.
Institution
(Neumaier, McDevitt) Box 359911, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, 325 9th Ave, Seattle, WA
98104, United States.
(McDevitt) Graduate Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
(Polis, Parsons) Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego,
CA, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Acquisition of and withdrawal from cocaine self-administration regulates 5-HT1B
mRNA expression in rat striatum.
Source
Journal of Neurochemistry. 111(1)(pp 217-227), 2009. Date of Publication: October 2009.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
This study investigated how different stages of cocaine self-administration in rats affect the
expression of two serotonin receptors in dorsal and ventral striatum, the 5-HT1B and 5-HT6
subtypes, which have both been implicated in mediating some aspects of cocaine-related
behaviors. In the first experiment, rats were trained to work for saccharin (oral) or cocaine
(i.v.) reinforcers. We found that continuous access to cocaine for 23 days did not change the
level of 5-HT1B mRNA expression compared to control animals receiving saccharin.
However, a single cocaine session, given either by self-administration or non-contingently,
increased 5-HT1B mRNA in dorsal striatum, whereas forced abstinence for two weeks after
cocaine reduced 5-HT1B mRNA expression in the same subregion. 5-HT6 mRNA was not
changed by any of these treatments. A follow-up experiment investigated the effects of limited
versus extended access to cocaine as well as forced abstinence, and we found that 14 days
of forced abstinence significantly reduced 5-HT1B mRNA throughout the dorsal and ventral
striatum compared to no withdrawal. These results suggest that the influence of 5-HT1B
receptors in striatal projection neurons may be increased during cocaine acquisition and
reduced after forced abstinence and may therefore be targets for pharmacological
intervention in addiction. copyright 2009 International Society for Neurochemistry.
ISSN 0022-3042
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name Journal of Neurochemistry
Volume 111
Issue Part 1
Page 217-227
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication October 2009
COCAINE 2009 <599>
Database EMBASE
Accession Number 2009465616
Authors Fuchs R.A. Bell G.H. Ramirez D.R. Eaddy J.L. Su Z.-I.
Institution
(Fuchs, Bell, Ramirez, Eaddy, Su) Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Davie Hall, CB#3270,
Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
Country of Publication
United Kingdom
Title
Basolateral amygdala involvement in memory reconsolidation processes that
facilitate drug context-induced cocaine seeking.
Source
European Journal of Neuroscience. 30(5)(pp 889-900), 2009. Date of Publication:
September 2009.
Publisher
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Abstract
Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of putative memory stabilization processes
that maintain context-response-cocaine associations in long-term memory and underlie
contextual control over addictive behavior is of great interest from an addiction treatment
perspective. Using an instrumental animal model of contextual drug relapse we show that the
protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin, administered into the basolateral amygdala (BLA)
immediately after limited (15- or 60-min) re-exposure to a previously cocaine-paired context,
subsequently disrupted the ability of the previously cocaine-paired context to reinstate
extinguished cocaine-seeking behavior relative to vehicle. Consistent with a BLA-mediated
memory reconsolidation deficit, a similar impairment in cocaine-seeking behavior was not
observed in (i) 'no-reactivation' control groups that received anisomycin into the BLA after
(re)exposure to either a novel unpaired or an extinction-paired context or in (ii) a
neuroanatomical control group that received anisomycin into the posterior caudate-putamen,
dorsally adjacent to the BLA, after re-exposure to the cocaine-paired context. Furthermore,
anisomycin administered into the BLA after brief (5-min) or extensive (120-min) re-exposure
to the cocaine-paired context (which was sufficient to extinguish cocaine-seeking behavior in
a vehicle control group) also failed to alter responding. Together, these findings suggest that
re-exposure to a cocaine-paired context in the absence of cocaine reinforcement is sufficient
to trigger memory reconsolidation processes that support future drug-seeking behavior. The
presence and duration of drug-related memory reactivation critically influences, and
anisomycin-sensitive mechanisms in the BLA selectively control, this phenomenon. These
findings support the feasibility of novel pharmacotherapeutic approaches that selectively
inhibit the reconsolidation of cocaine-related memories in order to prevent drug relapse.
copyright 2009 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
ISSN 0953-816X
Publication Type Journal: Article
Journal Name European Journal of Neuroscience
Volume 30
Issue Part 5
Page 889-900
Year of Publication 2009
Date of Publication September 2009