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CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA (CLL)
IN THE U.S.
UNDERSTANDING LEUKAEMIA
• Cancer occurs when abnormal cells develop and divide without control, forming new abnormal cells that
can spread throughout the body.1
• Cancers that originate in the blood, bone marrow, spleen, or lymph nodes are typically categorised as
haematological malignancies, or haematological cancers.2,3
CLL FACTS
& FIGURES
TYPES OF HAEMATOLOGICAL MALIGNANCIES INCLUDE:2
leukaemias | lymphomas | myelomas
• Leukaemia represents a class of haematological malignancies in which the bone marrow produces abnormal cells, which are almost always white blood cells (WBCs).2,4
• There are two factors that go into classifying leukaemia:4
IN THE
U.S.
THAT MORE
THAN
IT IS
ESTIMATED
105,000 PEOPLE
currently live with or have been
previously treated for CLL
1
2
Whether the leukaemia is
chronic or acute.4
What type of bone marrow cells are
affected (myeloid vs lymphoid).4
10
• There are four main types of leukaemia:4
CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC
LEUKAEMIA4
ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC
LEUKAEMIA4 CHRONIC MYELOID
LEUKAEMIA4
ACUTE MYELOID
LEUKAEMIA4
(CLL)
(ALL)
(CML)
(AML)
A CLOSER LOOK AT CHRONIC
LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA (CLL)
• CLL, the most commonly diagnosed adult leukaemia in Western countries, accounts for approximately
one-third of all cases of leukaemia.5,6,8
AN ESTIMATED
15,680
NEW CASES OF CLL
WERE DIAGNOSED IN
THE U.S. IN THE PAST YEAR.6
CLL TENDS TO DEVELOP OVER
A LONG PE R IOD OF TI M E,
often years for some
patients. Many signs and
symptoms do not appear
until the disease progresses
to its advanced stage.
7
• In the majority of cases of CLL, there is an uncontrolled overproduction of B cell lymphocytes whose normal
function is to fight infection. In people with CLL, B cell lymphocytes may appear normal, but do not fight
infections correctly in the body. Instead, they progressively accumulate in the bone marrow, blood, spleen, and
lymph nodes, eventually crowding out healthy blood cells.7
As a result, people with CLL are at an increased risk for infections, which may range from colds to
more serious infections including pneumonia.7 Infectious complications continue to be a major cause
of morbidity and mortality in people with CLL.8
Also, people with CLL may develop a shortage of red blood cells or platelets.7
• Signs and symptoms of CLL may vary depending on the progression of the disease. Patients with early stage disease
may have no symptoms. Some of the most common signs and symptoms as the disease progresses are fatigue and
weakness, while advanced disease may be associated with anaemia (shortage of red blood cells), thrombocytopenia
(shortage of platelets), as well as an enlarged liver, spleen, or lymph nodes.7
• People may be at a higher risk of developing CLL if:7
They have a family
history of CLL
or lymphoma.7, 9
They were exposed to
certain chemicals.7
They are male, as CLL
is more common in men
than women.7
They are elderly, as the
median age at diagnosis
is more than 70 years.6,9
APPROX.
90%
of patients THE AGE OF11
with CLL are
estimated to
be over
55
Average age
of diagnosis
6
72
YEARS OLD
80+ = 7x
YEARS OLD
GREATER
The incidence of CLL among people
over the age of 80 is seven times
greater than the general population.
11
• The risk of getting CLL does not seem to be affected by smoking, diet, or infections.
7
• There are no drug regimens (monotherapy or combination therapy) that are considered curative for CLL.
Available drug regimens help patients control and manage their disease.7, 10
Physicians typically focus on the stage (or advancement) of the disease, its rate of growth, as well as a
patient’s genetic and biological risk factors and fitness, when recommending a treatment approach.7, 10
Patients without symptoms or low blood
counts (cytopenias) may not need therapy. Patients are
treated if they develop significant symptoms, low blood
counts (cytopenias), or frequent infections.7,10
Patients are often treated with combination
therapies, which include monoclonal
antibodies as well as chemotheraphy.7,10
PEOPLE WITH CLL ARE
OFTEN ALSO COPING WITH
OTHER HEALTH PROBLEMS12
The majority of patients with CLL
(approximately 72 per cent) have at
least one comorbidity such as
hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular
disease, or COPD.12
CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA (CLL)
IN THE U.S.
REFERENCES
1
American Cancer Society. What is cancer? Available at: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/leukemia-chroniclymphocyticcll/detailedguide/leukemia-chronic-lymphocytic-what-is-cancer. Accessed January 3, 2014.
2
National Cancer Institute. NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. Hematologic cancer. Available at: http://www.cancer.gov/
dictionary?CdrID=45708. Accessed January 3, 2014.
3
National Cancer Institute. NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms. Malignancy. Available at: http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?cdrid=45771. Accessed January 3, 2014.
4
American Cancer Society. What is chronic lymphocytic leukemia? Available at: http://www.cancer.org/cancer/
leukemia-chroniclymphocyticcll/detailedguide/leukemia-chronic-lymphocytic-what-is-cll. Accessed January 3, 2014.
5
Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Available at: http://www.lls.org/#/diseaseinformation/leukemia/chroniclymphocyticleukemia/. Accessed January 3, 2014.
6
American Cancer Society. What are the key statistics for chronic lymphocytic leukemia? Available at: http://www.cancer.org/
cancer/leukemia-chroniclymphocyticcll/detailedguide/leukemia-chronic-lymphocytic-key-statistics. Accessed
January 3, 2014.
7
American Cancer Society. Leukemia--Chronic Lymphocytic. Available at: http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/
documents/webcontent/003111-pdf.pdf. Accessed January 3, 2014.
8
Wadhwa, P & Morrison, V.A. (2006) Infectious complications of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Seminars in Oncology, 33,
240–249. Available at: http://www.cllsupport.org.uk/infections.pdf. Accessed February 12, 2014.
9
National Cancer Institute. General Information About Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Available at: http://www.cancer.gov/
cancertopics/pdq/treatment/cll/patient. Accessed January 3, 2014.
10
Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. The CLL Guide. Available at: http://www.lls.org/content/nationalcontent/resourcecenter/
freeeducationmaterials/leukemia/pdf/cllguide.pdf. Accessed January 3, 2014.
11
Eichhorst B, Hallek M, Dreyling M. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: ESMO clinical recommendations for diagnosis,
treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2008;19 Suppl 2:ii60-ii62. Available at: http://annonc.oxfordjournals.org/content/22/suppl_6/vi50.full. Accessed January 3, 2014.
12
Shanafelt, TD, et al. Quality of life in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: an international survey of 1482 patients. British
Journal of Hematology. (2007) 139, 255-264.