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- How does the Ocean Affect the Weather? - Water, gases, and energy are exchanged between the ocean and atmosphere This Exchange: - Moderates the surface temperatures of the ocean - Shapes the Earth’s weather and climate - Generates most of the ocean’s waves -WEATHER is the state of the atmosphere at a specific place and time - CLIMATE is the long-term (30 year) average of weather in an area - Both weather and climate are affected by the ocean - Lets see some examples of how the ocean influences our weather Ocean’s effect on local weather Ever Notice??? Our weather here is different than the weather inland? WINTER 41 54 50 43 52 Water is warmer than land during winter. The ocean warms the cities right along the coast. SUMMER 101 91 87 98 89 Water is cooler than the land during summer. Now the oceans cools the coastal cities. Why is there almost always a breeze at the beach? - The land and water heat at different rates - Land heats and cools faster than the water Afternoon Breezes are onshore Clouds Form Cool air sinks to fill in the space Afternoon Showers Onshore Breeze Cooler Ocean Warmer temperatures cause air to rise Warmer Land Evening Breezes are offshore Cool air sinks to fill in the space Warmer temperatures cause air to rise Offshore Breeze Warmer Ocean Cooler Land - Great masses of warm, humid, rotating air - Occur in tropical oceans -Called “Hurricanes” in the North Atlantic “Typhoons” in the Western Pacific “Cyclones” in the Indian Ocean “Wili-Wilis” near Australia - Hurricanes start out as Tropical Depressions (Low Pressure Zones) off the coast of Africa or in the Caribbean - Next, when their wind speeds reach 40 mph they become Tropical Storms (and they get a name) - They become Hurricanes once they reach a wind speed of 74mph Typical Hurricane Path is around the Atlantic’s high pressure cell Saffir-Simpson Scale •Category One -- Winds 74-95 miles per hour •Category Two -- Winds 96-110 miles per hour •Category Three -- Winds 111-130 miles per hour •Category Four -- Winds 131-155 miles per hour •Category Five -- Winds greater than 155 miles per hour Most hurricanes make landfall in the Southeast U.S. of Gulf States Names for Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclones 2002 2003 2004 Arthur Bertha Cristobal Dolly Edouard Fay Gustav Hanna Isidore Josephine Kyle Lili Marco Nana Omar Paloma Rene Sally Teddy Vicky Wilfred Ana Bill Claudette Danny Erika Fabian Grace Henri Isabel Juan Kate Larry Mindy Nicholas Odette Peter Rose Sam Teresa Victor Wanda Alex Bonnie Charley Danielle Earl Frances Gaston Hermine Ivan Jeanne Karl Lisa Matthew Nicole Otto Paula Richard Shary Tomas Virginie Walter 2005 Arlene Bret Cindy Dennis Emily Franklin Gert Harvey Irene Jose Katrina Lee Maria Nate Ophelia Philippe Rita Stan Tammy Vince Wilma 2006 Alberto Beryl Chris Debby Ernesto Florence Gordon Helene Isaac Joyce Kirk Leslie Michael Nadine Oscar Patty Rafael Sandy Tony Valerie William 2007 *Allison Barry Chantal Dean Erin Felix Gabrielle Humberto Iris Jerry Karen Lorenzo Michelle Noel Olga Pablo Rebekah Sebastien Tanya Van Wendy A hurricane’s energy source is warm seawater (>80°F)
