* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download WW II_ Europe and North Africa
Historiography of the Battle of France wikipedia , lookup
Causes of World War II wikipedia , lookup
New Order (Nazism) wikipedia , lookup
Aftermath of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Role of music in World War II wikipedia , lookup
British propaganda during World War II wikipedia , lookup
World War II by country wikipedia , lookup
Western betrayal wikipedia , lookup
Foreign relations of the Axis powers wikipedia , lookup
Military history of Greece during World War II wikipedia , lookup
Technology during World War II wikipedia , lookup
Operation Torch wikipedia , lookup
Swedish iron-ore mining during World War II wikipedia , lookup
Allied plans for German industry after World War II wikipedia , lookup
Diplomatic history of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Consequences of Nazism wikipedia , lookup
Allies of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Allied Control Council wikipedia , lookup
Operation Bodyguard wikipedia , lookup
Invasion of Normandy wikipedia , lookup
Battle of the Mediterranean wikipedia , lookup
Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II wikipedia , lookup
Ch.25.2 The War for Europe and North Africa Notes Main Idea: Allied forces, led by the U.S. and Great Britain, battled Axis powers for control of Europe and North Africa. Why did the U.S. and Great Britain join forces in WWII? -They were “In the same boat” – Churchill What were the war plans of Roosevelt and Churchill? -Strike Germany 1st -posed a greater threat than Japan -once the Allies gained control in Europe they could pour more resources into the Pacific What was the German response to the new allied force? -Battle of the Atlantic -German submarine raids on the east coast of U.S. were meant to keep supplies from getting to GB and USSR How did the allies respond to the threat of U-boat attacks on their supply ships? -Allies organized cargo ships into convoys escorted by destroyers -new technologies like sonar for underwater detection, radar for surface detection -launch crash shipbuilding program -140 Liberty ships per month -Convoys, technology, and shipbuilding turn tide in Battle of the Atlantic What were the Soviets doing to help the Allied forces? Battle of Stalingrad- German offensive in southern USSR -Soviets kept Germans engaged in the east -Germans wished to destroy this major industrial city - and oil fields in the Caucasus Mts. -Germans surrender January 31, 1943 What was the cost to the Soviets to defend and defeat the Germans at Stalingrad? -Soviet losses totaled 1.1 million men -marked the turning point in the war -Soviets moved to the west in pursuit of retreating Germans What was Stalin urging the Allies to do? -as a diversionary tactic Stalin wanted the Allies to open a “second front” in the west. -Churchill and Roosevelt don’t think they have the man power to invade Europe -instead they invade North Africa -invasion is known as Operation Torch -Germans surrender May, 1943 -defeat Rommel known as the “Desert Fox” -Allies demand unconditional surrender of Axis powers Now that North Africa was under control of the Allies, what was there next move? -Allies move into Europe via the Mediterranean Sea -Italian Campaign- 1. safer than attacking in the north via the English Channel 2. control Med. Sea 3. good point to step into Europe from the South -Italians collapse in Sicily in summer of 1943 -Mussolini is forced to resign -Germans determined to stop Allies in Italy rather than Germany -Anzio is the sight of one of the bloodiest battles in Italy -55,000 men died -Germans are defeated in 1945 What was the plan for liberating Western Europe? -D-day-elaborate plan to liberate Western Europe (France) -known as Operation Overload -commanded by Dwight D. Eisenhower -nearly 3 million troops -American, British, and Canadian -plan to attack Normandy in northern France -set up phantom army and equipment with messages to attack Calais -June 6, 1944- Operation Overload is carried out -one day late do to weather What was the Allied plan to finish the Axis powers and especially Germany? -after D-day Allied forces moved east to Germany -first German town taken in October 1944 (Aachen) How does Hitler respond to invasion of Germany? -Hitler decides make one last-gasp offensive -capture Antwerp, Belgium and its port -hoped it would disrupt enemy supply lines -easily breaks through weak allied line -created a bulge in lines 60 miles wide -separated American and British forces -Battle of the Bulge ensues -lasts one month -from this point on the Germans could not recover from losses of men and supplies -they could only retreat -On April 25, 1945 the Soviets stormed Berlin What did the Allies find once they captured the German heartland? -Concentration and death camps -Majdanek , Poland was the site of the first death camp captured by the Soviets -unimaginable treatment of humans What happened to Hitler in the end? -Hitler commits suicide with a gun shot to the head -his body is burned as he had ordered V-E Day – Victory in Europe officially occurs on May 8, 1945 -the unconditional surrender of the Third Reich to Eisenhower