Download Chapter 2 Review Guide

WEATHER FACTORS
Chapter 2 REVIEW
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES - 36
 Form of energy that can move through the vacuum of space
 Classified according to wavelength or the distance between waves
RADIATION - 36
 direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
VISIBLE LIGHT - 37
 Color of rainbow – red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet
 Different colors are the result of different wavelengths
 Red and orange light have the longest wavelengths
 Blue and violet have the shortest wavelength
INFRARED RADIATION – 37
 Wavelengths that are longer than red light
 Not visible but can be felt as heat
ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION - 37
 Non- visible radiation
 Invisible form of energy with wavelengths that are shorter than violet light
 can cause sunburn and eye damage
OZONE - 38
 absorbs most of the ultraviolet radiation coming from the sun
SCATTERING – 38
 dust particles and gases in the atmosphere reflect light in all directions
 makes daytime sky look blue
GREENHOUSE EFFECT – 39
 natural process by which gases hold heat in the air
 keep Earth’s atmosphere at a temperature that is comfortable for most
living things
TEMPERATURE – 43
 Average amount of energy of motion of each particle of a substance
THERMAL ENERGY - 43
 Total energy of motion in the particles of a substance
THERMOMETER - 43
 Air temperature is measured
TEMPERATURE SCALES - 43
 Celsius
o freezing point of pure water – 0 degrees Celsius
o boiling point of pure water – 100 degrees Celsius
 Fahrenheit
o Freezing point of pure water – 32 degrees Fahrenheit
o Boiling point of pure water – 212 degrees Fahrenheit
HEAT IS TRANSFERRED - 44
 Radiation
 Conduction
 Convection
CONDUCTION - 44
 The direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that it
is touching
 Works well in some solids such as metals, but not as well in liquids and
gases
 Air and water do not conduct heat very well
CONVECTION - 44
 The transfer of heat by the movement of fluid ( liquids or gases)
 Within the troposphere heat is transferred by convection
HEATING THE TROPOSPHERE
 When air near the ground is heated, it particles move more rapidly. As a
result, they bump into each other and move farther apart. The air
becomes less dense. Cooler, denser air sinks toward the surface, forcing
the warmer air to rise.
CONVECTION CURRENTS - 44
 Upward movement of warm air and the downward movement of cool air
 Move heat throughout the troposphere
WIND – 47
 Horizontal movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of low
pressure
 Caused by differences in air pressure
 Wind speed is measured by an anemometer
LOCAL WINDS – 48
 Winds that blow over a short distance
 Caused by the unequal heating of Earth’s surface within a small area
SEA BREEZE
 Local wind that blows from an ocean or lake
 The air over the land becomes warmer than the air over water. The warm
air expands and rises, creating a low-pressure area. Cool air blows inland
from over the water and moves underneath the warm air.
LAND BREEZE
 At night.
 Land cools more quickly than water, so the air over the land becomes
cooler than air over the water.
 As warmer air over the water expands and rises, cooler air from the land
moves beneath it
 The flow of air from land to a body of water
GLOBAL WINDS
 Winds that blow steady from specific directions over long distances
 Created by the unequal heating of Earth’s surface
 Global winds occur over large areas
CORIOLIS EFFECT
 The way Earth’s rotation makes winds curve
 Global winds in Northern Hemisphere gradually turn toward the right
 Global winds in Southern Hemisphere curve toward the left
MAJOR GLOBAL WIND BELTS
 Trade winds
 Polar easterlies
 Prevailing westerlies
DOLDRUMS
 Regions near the equator with little or no wind
CLOUD FORMATION
 Water vapor in the air condenses to form liquid water or ice crystals
CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR CONDENSATION
 Cooling of the air
 Presence of particles in the air
3 MAIN TYPES OF CLOUDS
 Based on shape
 Cirrus clouds – wispy, feathery cloud – high level
 Cumulus clouds – fluffy, rounded piles of cotton
 Stratus clouds – form in flat layers
PRECIPITATION
 Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth’s surface