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Earth’s Structure and Materials
3.1
Earth’s Interior
Ms. De Los Rios
7th Grade
Vocabulary 3.1
1. Seismic Waves- Vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy
released during an earthquake.
2. Pressure- The force pushing on a surface divided by the area of that
surface.
3. Crust The layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer surface.
4. Basalt- A dark, dense, igneous rock with a fine texture, found in oceanic
crust.
5. Granite- A usually light-colored igneous rock that is found in continental
crust.
6. Mantle- The layer of hot, solid material between Earth’s crust and core.
7. Lithosphere- A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle
and the crust.
8. Asthenosphere- the soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere
floats.
9. Outer core- a layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner
core of Earth.
10.Inner Core- a dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of Earth.
How Do Geologists Learn About Earth’s
Interior? Pgs. 98-99
Geologists have used 2 main types of evidence to learn
about Earth’s interior:
1.
Direct Evidence From Rock Samples
2. Indirect Evidence From Seismic Waves.
1. Evidence From Rock Samples
•Geologists have drilled holes as deep as
12.3 kilometers into Earth.
•The drills bring up samples of rock.
•These rocks give geologists clues about
Earth’s structure and conditions deep
inside Earth.
2. Evidence From Seismic Waves
When earthquakes occur they produce seismic waves.
Geologists record the seismic waves and study how they travel through
Earth.
Infer: Geologists have found that the paths of
seismic waves change When the waves reach
specific depths Inside Earth.
What can you infer about the Earth’s
structure from this Observation?
_______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
Paths of the ocean waves
change when the waves
reach an island.
Assess Your Understanding
I get it! Now I know that, to learn about Earth’s Interior,
Geologists use two main types of evidence:
___________________________________________
_________________________________________
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What Are The Features of Earth’s Crust, Mantle,
and Core? Pg. 100
the crust
The three main layers of Earth are: the mantle,
the core.
These layers vary greatly in size, composition, temperature,
and pressure.
Pressure results from a force pressing on an area.
The Deeper Down Inside Earth,
The Greater the Pressure and the greater the Temperature!
Earth’s Crust pg. 101
Earth’s crust is the layer of rock
that forms Earth’s outer skin.
•The crust is a layer of solid rock that
includes both dry land and the ocean
floor.
•The composition of oceanic crust
is much like basalt- a dark rock that
has fine grains.
•The composition of continental
crust is much like granite- a rock that
usually is a light color and has coarse
grains.
Earth’s Mantle pg. 102
Earth’s Mantle Is the solid
material of the mantle is a layer of
hot rock.
•Earth’s mantle is made of rock
that is very hot, but solid.
•Overall, the mantle is nearly 3,000
kilometers thick.
•Scientists divide the mantle into
layers based on the physical
characteristics of those layers.
Mantle’s Layers
Layers
•the Lithosphere is the crust and
uppermost mantle.
•Just beneath the lithosphere the
Asthenosphere- Is the soft layer.
•Beneath is a layer called the
Mesosphere- which is hot but
more rigid.
Earth’s Core pg. 103
The core is made mostly of the
metals iron and nickel.
The Core consists of 2 parts:
1. a liquid outer core- The outer
core is a layer of molten metal
surrounding the inner core.
2.a solid inner core- The inner
core is a dense ball of solid metal.
Scientists think that movements in the liquid
outer core create Earth’s magnetic field
Figure 2 Pressure and Depth
The deeper that this swimmer goes, the greater the pressure from
the surrounding water.
Compare and Contrast:
How is the water in the pool similar to Earth’s Interior? How is it
Different? (Hint: Consider both temperature and pressure in your
answer.)
Depth
0
0.5m
1m
pressure
increases
1.5 m
The Earth’s Crust – fig. 3 pg. 101
Earth’s Crust- the crust is the Earth’s Outer Layer of Solid Rock.
The circle graph shows the composition of Earth’s crust.
1.Read Graphs In Total, How much
Of Earth’s crust is made up of
Oxygen and Silicon?
________________________
2. Summarize Fill in the missing
Information in the two charts.
Oceanic crust
Typical rock: ________________
Relative Grain Size: ___________
Color: ______________
Continental Crust
Typical rock: ________________
Relative Grain Size: ___________
Color: ______________
The Mantle pg. 102
Earth’s mantle is nearly 3,000 kilometers thick. The rigid lithosphere
rests on the softer material of the asthenosphere.
Describe Earth’s Layers by filling in the boxes next to the diagram
of the upper mantle.
The Core – Fig. 5 pg. 103
The Core of It
Earth’s core consists of two separate layers.
Where do these terms go on the Venn diagram?
Do the math! Temperature Inside Earth pg. 103
The graph shows how temperatures change between
Earth’s surface and the core.
1. Read Graphs:
Between what depths does
Earth’s temperature increase
the slowest?
____________________________
2. Challenge:
Why does the graph show a temp.
Of 16 C at 0 meters of depth?
____________________________
____________________________
3. Interpret Data:
How does temperature change with
Depth in Earth’s Interior?
____________________________
____________________________
The Core and Earth’s Magnetic Field pg. 104
Scientists think that movements in the liquid outer core create
Earth’s magnetic field.
Because Earth has a magnetic field, the planet acts like a giant bar
magnet which has a North and South Pole. This affects the entire
planet.
Identify Benefits:
What is one benefit of
Using a bar magnet
As a model of Earth’s
Magnetic field?
_____________________
_____________________
_____________________
Assess Your Understanding pg. 105
1a. Identify: Earth’s thin outer layer of solid rock is called
(the crust / the mantle / the core.
b. Summarize: What is the structure of Earth?
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
I get it! Now I know that each of the three main layers of Earth
has its own features, as follows:
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What is the Structure of the Earth?
Figure 7 pg. 104
1. Describe: Draw each of the Earth’s Layers. Include both the outer and
inner core. Label each layer. Then, fill in the chart below.
Thickness/Radius
Composition
Solid/Liquid
Crust_________________________________________________________
Mantle________________________________________________________
Outer Core_____________________________________________________
Inner Core_____________________________________________________
TOTAL 6,371 km
2. Compare and Contrast: Pick any two points inside Earth and label them
A and B. Compare and Contrast Earth at those two points.
My Point A is in the ______________________________________________
My Point B is in the ______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
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