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Forces Notes “Any influence that can cause a body to be .” It is measured in A second A . is the force needed to accelerate one kg one meter per second per or exerted by an object to/on another object Always occurs in (Sometimes referred to as Agent & Receiver) It can alter the or of an object It is represented by that show Demos and size What it demonstrates Rolling Ball Pushing a closed door Standing on the floor Clay ball Tennis ball Pushing on a table Newton’s Laws of Motion Law #1: “Every body continues in its state of , or of uniform motion in a straight line, unless it is compelled to by forces impressed upon it.” that state Sometimes called the Law of Who is this? What is Inertia? “The sluggishness or apparent a body offers to changes in its state of motion” The larger the , the larger its A body with less is easier to get moving A body with more mass is to get moving Demos What it demonstrates Ping pong ball Bowling ball Granny Mack Truck driven by Granny Mass Defined as “The quantity of in a body” It is the measurement of m = mass; F = force; a = acceleration = F/a = m(a) Why should Eeyore ALWAYS wear a seatbelt? = F/m Momentum The product of It is Demos Car on a ramp Eeyore on a car on a ramp and in motion What it demonstrates Conservation of Momentum All energy stored in a moving object is not , but only form Stated by: Demos What it demonstrates Newton’s Cradle Swinging Rock Mass in a Circular Motion When an object moves in circular path, it has a property called AKA: Inertia Inertia “An object rotating about an tends to remain rotating about that same axis unless it is interfered with by some external force.” This definition is similar to Newton’s Demos What it demonstrates Bicycle tire Gyroscope Top Frisbee Football Moment of Inertia Angular Momentum It is a measure of an object’s rotation about a particular For an object small compared to the radial distance, it is the product of mass, velocity and radius ( x x It is the measure of the rotational property of It is the centripetal force to ) Describe what’s happening in this diagram: Demos What it demonstrates Rolling objects Washer on a string Slingshot (old-fashioned!) Bucket with water spun in vertical circles Q: What holds the water in the bucket? Spin cycle of washing machine “Whizzer” Brendan on the Scrambler Carnival Ride Know-How It’s better to take the of the car if you’re riding alone If you’re riding with someone else, take the seat seat The following formula is similar to those for Newton’s , but deals with mass in motion in a circular path: mvr = mvr m= What was demonstrated to show what happened here? v= r= What happens in this situation? mv r = mvr … The mass is not affected by a smaller radius, while is. Centripetal Force A center-seeking that causes an object to follow a circular path. “Any force that is directed at produces circular motion.” to the path of the moving body and Name the centripetal force that keeps the moon revolving around the earth: Centrifugal Force A fictitious due to rotation force It is a to centripetal force but there is no agent, therefore it is experienced relative to position What we are really experiencing is ! Newton’s Second Law The acceleration of a body is the body and proportional to the net force acting on proportional to the mass of the body and is in the direction of the NET Formulas: = F/m 5N Acceleration = 6 kph = m (a) = F/a 5N 5N Acceleration = _____ Acceleration = _____ N Newton’s Third Law Whenever one body exerts a on a second body, the second body exerts an and opposite force on the first For every , there is an equal and opposite reaction You cannot without being Common Forces Gravitational – non contact 5 Every object exerts an N Buoyancy - contact The tendency to Acceler ation = ? force on every other object in a fluid Friction - contact The to motion where two objects touch Magnetic – non contact The repelling or of a magnet and ferromagnetic material Elastic - contact Ability to to its original size, shape, or position after being stretched, squeezed, flexed, expanded, etc. Electrical – non contact Flow or gathering of a negative charge by P K P K Other Physics concepts of interest: Energy The quality of an object that enables it to do Power Work/ Time Potential Energy The energy that a body possesses because of its position with respect to other bodies Kinetic Energy The energy of Kinetic Energy = 1/2 mv2 At which point is potential and kinetic energy equal?