Download The rational interrelationships within databases base on tables

Relational Data Base Management
System(RDBMS)
Presented
By
Dr. Joseph Aluya, D.B. A.
Doctorate in Business Administration
Master’s in Technology Management
Questions about RDBMS
What is the definition of RDBMS?
 What is the meaning of database?
 How do we apply this concept to
large datasets streaming into today’s
organizations or in Rio Hondo?
 As a student, how do you
manipulate data within the context
of RDBMS ?
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Theoretical concept of Relational
Database Management Systems(RDBMS)
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Started in 1960s with relational model in algebra and Statistics.
Codd (1970) invented the concept of RDBMS from ground-up at
the IBM?
These were collections of datasets formally organized in a set of
old tables (Groy, 1981).
Data could now be accessed, manipulated and reassembled
without having to reorganize the entire system(Codd, 1990).
A tabularized system that allow users to create, update, query,
add, drop, completely manipulate data and possibly administer a
relational or relationships to the entire datasets(Aluya and
Garraway, 2014).
What is the meaning of database?
Database consists of the following:
 Tables: Fields, records (see Table 1 & 3 below).
 Queries: Sorts, filters, applies criteria to data,
delete, modifies and manipulates set of
datasets(see table 3 below)
 Forms: Interfaces with users(name, add, etc)
 Reports: Collections of lists of information
from the table or query in a standardized
page layout to be emailed, exported or
printed for managers
 Macros: Performs repetitive or actionable
tasks, “if” then situations
 Modules: Programming and visional basic
code applications (VBA)
What is the definition of RDBMS?
• The Relational Data Base Management System(RDBMS)
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is data relationships , communication with other
database via private, commercial or open
servers
RDBMS is a database system that maintains and
manipulates data repository based on relational
modeling (Codd, 1970).
It organizes data construction from tabulated
entities
Query the data, update the data, or drop data
It select, it has attributes and cardinalities
Users can insert new data and delete old ones, all
following the ANSI and ISO Standards
Not used on flat database but can be manipulated
through SQL syntax in say 10- thousands, if not
more, within Access table ..big data
How do users apply RDBMS concept to large
datasets streaming into today’s organizations?
Before the construct of any table, all possible
questions are asked(Queries), including the
nullables
There will be normalization before the design e.g.
Data are based on rows instead of columns.
 Using ANSI or ISO standards (;) for multiple
Statements joined together
Using (--) for single line comments
Using (I*) for multiple line comments
Using SQL syntax is used to manipulate these
structured data sets in MS Access.
A table is a combination of rows and columns
Table 1 Vertical part of the table is the
Attributes or Columns or fields
Horizontal
table
Is called
Tuples,
Rows or
Records
As a student, how do you manipulate data
within the context of RDBMS ?
To manipulate data within Access Table, it is
paramount to understand the following:
 How to navigate through the Ribbon
Why primary keys are uniquely significant and
important?
Why the Standard Querying Language (SQL) is
relevant?
 Understanding the significance of
Records/Attributes
Cardinality … minimum and maximum rows
within its relevance!
 Why relationships to various records’ remains
the core to this lesson?
Student Records (Table 2)
Why primary keys are uniquely
significant and important?
 Primary key is the identifier and must be unique
(see Table 3).
 Candidate key=super key, but super key≠
candidate key
 Foreign or an outliers key may be present, calls
for special attention
 Helps identify each characteristic or attributes
 Helps in the selection, deletion, dropping
addition and separation of the students
grades, classes, etc
 Allows multiple users to access server via
many devises
Why the Standard Querying Language(SQL)
is so relevant?
 SQL syntax are non-case sensitive−select, drop,
insert and delete in the above student records
(see Table 2 and 3).
 For data manipulation, sorting and filtering could
be used to query the number of students who
got A’s in the class(see Table 3).
 Sorting or filtering down, it could be used to find
out how many students are females and
their grades in the classes by a simple
command like select student ID where
Gender=female; Female=Grade
Understanding the significance of
Attributes/Records
o Attributes are used to uniquely differentiate
records like the student names, grades,
addresses, emails, etc (see Table 3 below)
o The candidate key is the minimum set of attributes that
can be used to arithmetically result in the super key
o A candidate key which is the minimum can be a super
key but a super key cannot be a candidate key
o Records or rows or tuples are structured database
o Records could be structured and could be
unstructured, however within the scope of this
lesson, it is narrowed to structured tabulated
records(see Table 2)
Cardinality is the minimum and
maximum rows within its relevance!
 Cardinality is collection of entities that have same
characteristics
Cardinality is the instances of how an entity is related to
one instances and to other instances e. g
in Table 2, student name, class or state are all
entities sets that are related.
Simply stated, how many rows do users need in a table,
minimum or maximum within some parameters
Queries
 Queries have no data of its own, it helps to filters, sorts,
applies criteria’s, deletes, and modifies already
existing data records(see Table 2 below).
 Queries could show name, addresses, instructor’s phone
etc within the table.
 Usually the text value characteristics are place in “..”
quotes.
 Queries are sorted from left to right.
 Queries could be extracted from table(s) or from other
queries.
Why relationships to various records
remain the core to this lesson?
Relating one table to another fundamentally placed
this feature in Access above any other software ever
created e. g Excel.
Relationship between a student and his or her parent
records is unary.
 Relationship between two students is known as binary.
While relationship between three students
is known as ternary relationships
Relationships could be one-on-one (1:1),one to many
(1:M), many to one (M:1) or many to numbers/many
(M:N)(see next or last Table below)
Relationship
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Could be used in tracking student grades or the
number of days a student was absent in class
using primary or secondary Key.
 Relate one field to another field or to a table or
one table to another table.
 Difference between short text and long text.
 It enables data integrity or referential, depending
on the situation appropriate to the
relationship as it instantaneously
happens.
References
Aluya, J. U. & Garraway, O.L. (2014). The influences of big data analytics: Is big
data a disruptive technology. Author House, Publisher Authorhouse.
Com. IN. U.S.A.
Codd, E.F. (1970). "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data
Banks". Communications of the ACM. 13 (6): 377–
.
Codd, E. F. (1990). The relational model for database management: Version 2.
Addison-Wesley. ISBN 9780201141924.
Groy, J. (September 1981). "The Transaction Concept: Virtues and
Limitations" (PDF). Proceedings of the 7th International Conference
on Very Large Databases. 19333 Vallco Parkway, Cupertino CA
95014: Tandem Computers. pp. 144–154. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
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