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Unit 8: The Cell / Lesson 1: Cell Theory
MS8.3b I can compare and
contrast the major components
and functions of different types
of cells. (DOK 2)
History of the Cell Theory:
1655: Robert Hooke
Coined the term “cell”
Read more about Hooke: Robert Hooke - Biography, Facts and Pictures
History of the Cell Theory:
1673: Anton van
Leeuwenhoek
● The “Father of
Microbiology”
● Discovered
single-celled
organisms (protists)
Read more about Leeuwenhoek: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - Biography, Facts and Pictures
History of the Cell Theory:
1838: Matthias
Schleiden
All plants are made of
cells.
Read more about Schleiden:
Matthias Jacob Schleiden | German botanist | Britannica.com
History of the Cell Theory:
1839: Theodor
Schwann
All animals are made of
cells.
Read more about Schwann:
Theodor Schwann - Biography, Facts and Pictures
History of the Cell Theory:
1855: Rudolph Virchow
All cells come from other
cells.
Read more about Virchow:
Rudolf Virchow - Biography, Facts and Pictures
There are three parts to the cell theory:
1. All living things are composed of
cells. Organisms can be
multicellular or single-celled.
2. The cell is the basic unit of life.
3. Cells arise from other cells.
Unit 8: The Cell / Lesson 2: Types of Cells
MS8.3b I can compare and
contrast the major components
and functions of different types
of cells. (DOK 2)
Prokaryotic Cells:
Does the cell have a
membrane-bound
nucleus?
Where is the DNA
found?
no
in the nucleoid region
What are examples of
these types of cells?
bacteria
Multicellular or
Unicellular
unicellular
Eukaryotic Cells:
Does the cell have a
membrane-bound
nucleus?
Where is the DNA
found?
yes
in the nucleus
What are examples of
these types of cells?
fungi, plant, animal,
protist
Multicellular or
Unicellular
both
Unit 8: The Cell / Lesson 3: Plant and Animal Cells
MS8.3b I can compare and
contrast the major components
and functions of different types
of cells. (DOK 2)
Organelles
Organelles are membrane-bound
structures found within the cytoplasm of
eukaryotic cells.
Cell Wall
● Tough, rigid outer
covering that protects the
cell and gives it its shape
● Found in plants, fungi,
and bacteria:
■ Plants - cellulose
■ Fungi - chitin
■ Bacteria peptidoglycan
Plant Cell
x
Animal Cell
Cell Membrane
● Protective layer
around all cells
● Is semipermeable
● Controls what enters
and exits the cell
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
x
x
Cytoplasm
● Gelatin-like material
in the cell
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
x
x
Cytoskeleton
● Framework that
helps the cell keep
or change its shape
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
x
x
Nucleus
● Directs all cell
activities
● Contains DNA
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
x
x
Nuclear Membrane
● Protects the nucleus
● Controls what enters
and exits the
nucleus
nuclear membrane
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
x
x
Nucleolus
● Makes ribosomes
nucleolus
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
x
x
Chromatin
● Contains instructions
that direct the
functions of a cell
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
x
x
Chloroplast
● Contains chlorophyll,
which captures light
energy that is used
to make glucose
Plant Cell
x
Animal Cell
Mitochondria
● Releases energy by
breaking down food
into carbon dioxide
and water
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
x
x
Ribosome
● Makes proteins
● The only organelle
that is not
membrane-bound
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
x
x
Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)
● A series of folded
membranes in which
materials can be
processed and
moved around inside
the cell
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
x
x
Golgi Apparatus
● Sorts and packages
proteins and other
cellular materials
Also known as Golgi complex or Golgi bodies
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
x
x
Vacuole
● Store cellular
materials such as
water, wastes, and
food
Plants have one large, central vacuole.
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
x
x
Lysosome
● Contains chemical
which break down
food and wastes
● Known as the “clean
up crew” of the cell
For a long time cell biologists claimed
lysosomes only existed in animal cells. New
evidence suggests that plants have lysosomes
as well. Do plants have lysosomes?
Plant Cell
Animal Cell
x
x
Unit 8: The Cell / Lesson 4: Levels of Organization
MS8.3b I can compare and
contrast the major components
and functions of different types
of cells. (DOK 2)
Levels of Organization
Multicellular organisms are organized
from cell to organism, increasing in
complexity.
Tissue:
A group of similar cells that perform the
same function.
Organ:
A structure composed of different kinds of
tissues.
Organ System:
A group of organs that work together to
form a major function.
Organism:
A living thing that can function on its own