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Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Skills Worksheet INTEGRATING SPACE SCIENCE Cross-Disciplinary Starlight, Star Heat Read the following paragraphs, and complete the exercises below. Taking the temperature of a star from Earth may seem impossible, but astronomers can calculate the temperature of a star by measuring its color. The color of a star is determined by its chemical composition. Each element gives off a specific light pattern that varies with temperature. To calculate star temperatures, astronomers use a spectrophotometer—an instrument that breaks starlight into a spectrum. Different wavelengths appear as different colors. At one end of the spectrum are the shortest waves. The shortest visible wave appears violet. As wavelengths increase along the spectrum, the colors are blue, green, yellow, orange, and red. The longest wavelength of light that humans can see appears deep red. Astronomers study the star’s spectrum and compare it to data obtained from laboratory measurements to determine a star’s chemical makeup and temperature. Astronomers often classify the spectrum of stars by the letters O, B, A, F, G, K, and M. Each letter represents a class of spectrum, which is related to its temperature. The table below lists representative temperatures and colors of various classes of stars. Spectral class Temperature (C°) Color O B A F G K M 35,000 21,000 10,000 7,000 6,000 4,500 3,000 blue-white hot white cool white creamy yellow orange red EXERCISES 1. The longest wavelengths are associated with which temperatures, the hottest or the coolest? _______________________________________________________________ 2. Our sun appears to be yellow. To which spectral class does the sun belong? _______________________________________________________________ 3. Write a generalization that states the relationship between star temperature, the colors blue and red, and wavelength. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science Spectrum 21 Heat and Temperature