Download 1 Chapter 5: Verbs I. Action Verbs A. An action verb is a word that

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Chapter 5: Verbs
I.
Action Verbs
A. An action verb is a word that expresses action
-jump, dance, play, sleep, think, believe, type, run, walk, fall, etc…
B. A word that tells you what to do:
1. Physical verbs (you do with your body): jump, dance, play
2. Mental verbs (you do in your mind): believe, think, satisfied
C. Action verbs: Can I stand in a corner and do this?
II.
Direct Objects and Transitive Verbs
A. Every sentence has a subject and a predicate
B. Some predicates have a single action verb.
C. Can also have a direct object
D. Answers Whom? Or What?
1. D.O. A noun or pronoun that receives the action of the verb.
2. Example: Stephanie called Holly (Stephanie is the subject, called
is the verb, Holly is the direct object).
E. A verb with a direct object: transitive
F. A verb without a direct object: intransitive
1. Ex.
-I called Kristen (D.O. is Kristen, verb is transitive)
-I called. (no D.O., verb is intransitive)
III.
Indirect Objects
A. A direct object: Receives the action of the verb.
- Ex. Amy met Alice at the park. (Amy is the subject, met is the
verb, Alice is the D.O.)
B. A Direct object answers Whom? Or What?
C. An Indirect Object answers the questions “for whom” or “for what?”
- Ex. Ashley gave our class a demonstration. (Ashley is the
subject, gave is the verb, class is the indirect object, demonstration
is the direct object.)
D. An indirect object:
1. Always comes BEFORE the direct object.
2. Always comes WITH a direct object
E. With an indirect object, you can rewrite the sentence without changing the
meaning.
1. Ex. Amy gave us a cookie. (us is the I.O., cookie is the D.O.)
-ORAmy gave a cookie to us. (cookie is the D.O., there is no I.O.)
2. Add to or for in the word.
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IV.
Linking Verbs
A. Use a linking verb to tell what the subject is or is like.
1. Do not express action
2. Ex. Scott is very tall. He was a high school basketball star.
B. Linking verbs connect the subject to the noun/pronoun/adjective in the
predicate.
C. A noun that follows a linking verb is called a predicate noun
1. Ex. That book is a novel! (is is the linking verb; novel is the
predicate noun)
D. An adjective that follows a linking verb is called a predicate adjective.
1. Ex. Steve is short. (is is the linking verb; short is the predicate
adjective)
E. Forms of be are linking verbs.
1. Ex. Am, is, was, were, will be
F. Seem, felt, grow: can be linking or action.
1. L.V. = Sara felt sick (describes Sara)
2. A.V. = Sara felt the water (Sara does something)
V.
Subjects and Verbs Agree
1. A verb must agree with the subject
a. singular subject = singular verb
b. plural subject = plural verb
2. Helping verbs “help out” the main verb
a. Interrogative sentences: verbs are separated by the subject.
-ex. Do you work here?
b. Sentences beginning with There is/are and Here is/are:
remember that the subject is at the end of the sentence.
-ex. Here is the paper.
c. Intervening sentences: sentences that have a prepositional phrase
interrupting the subject from the verb.
-ex. The boys on the team are nervous.
VI.
Past, Present, and Future
A. When an action takes place:
1. Past: Happened in the past
- ex. I worked.
2. Present: Happening right now or repeatedly
- ex. I work.
3. Future: What will happen in the future.
- ex. I will work
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VII.
Verb Phrases
A. Verbs have four basic forms
B. All verbs are made with these forms
C. Forms:
1. Present:
ex. Bite, play
2. Past:
ex. Bit, played
3. Future:
ex. Will bite, will play
4. Participles:
a. Past: (was, were) bitten, played (usually ends in –
ed)
b. present: (is) biting, playing (ends in –ing)
D. Helping verb and a main verb = a verb phrase
E. Common helping verbs:
Am, is, are
Be, been
Was, were
Has, have, had
Do, does, did
Will, shall
Can, could
Might, may, must
Should, would
F. Sometimes a verb phrase can be interrupted by a subject (interrogative
sentences)
-ex. Are you playing tonight?
VIII.
Present and Past Progressive
A. An action in progress
B. Present:
1. Action is continuing NOW
2. ex. I am talking.
C. Past:
1. Action was continuing in the past
2. ex. I was saying.
D. Progressives: form of the word be and a participle
E. Helping verb determines what tense it will be.
IX.
Perfect Tenses
A. Progressives use present participle.
B. Perfect tense uses the past participle
C. Perfect tenses = have and a past participle
1. Present perfect: an action that started in the past but is still
happening.
-ex. Our nation has valued our independence.
2. Past perfect: an action that happened before another even in the
past.
-ex. The “Titanic” had ended the Edwardian Era.
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3. Future Perfect: expresses an action that will be completed before
another action.
-ex. By the year 2013, most of you will have decided on a
career field.
X.
Irregular Verbs
A. Most verbs follow set rules
B. Some don’t- must memorize pattern blockers
XI.
Commas separating parts of Speech
A. Help understand the meaning of a sentence.
B. Signals a pause
C. Uses
1. Separate 3 + words in a series (Amy visited China, Japan, and
Russia.)
2. For a pause after an introduction (Yes, we have her new book.)
3. A direct address
a. Tommy, did you go out with Sheila last night?
b. No, Beth, I went out with Holly.
4. A phrase that interrupts a thought (The answer, I think, is four.)
5. “Too”
a. when too means also
b. Ex. Maddie wants to go there, too.