Download PTA 104 Challenge Policy Objectives The student will be expected

PTA 104 Challenge Policy
Objectives
The student will be expected to pass an exam that will test psychomotor (hands
on activities) and cognitive domains (written essay, multiple choice, etc) for the
following objectives.
1.
Understand basic arthrology and osteology concepts
The student will demonstrate understanding and give examples of the following
concepts.
Classification of joints
A.
Fibrous (Synarthrosis)
B.
Cartilaginous (Amphiarthrosis)
C.
Synovial (Diarthosis)
Nonaxial, Uniaxial, Biaxial, Triaxial (mulitaxial)
Joint Structure
A. Stability vs. mobility…What types of joints lend themselves towards
stability and which types of joints lend themselves towards mobility and
why.
B. Joint Anatomy…Bones, Ligaments, Joint Capsule, Synovial membrane
and fluid, Hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, Elastic cartilage, role of
Muscles and tendons, and the purpose of the Bursa
Student should be able to find in a picture, model or skeleton the following joints.
The student should be able to palpate all the following joints on a living person as
well.
2. Utilize kinesiology terminology to explain functional movement patterns
The student will demonstrate the ability to understand and use the following
kinesiology term correctly.
Anatomical Location
Kinesiology
Kinetics
Biomechanics
Kinematics (arthro, osteo)
Anatomical Position
Fundamental Position
Prone
Quadruped
Plantigrade
Hook lying
Sinistral
Dextral
Peripheral
Ipsilateral
Supine
Medial
Lateral
Anterior
Posterior
Ventral
Dorsal
Distal
Proximal
Superior
Inferior
Cranial
Cephalad
Caudal
Superficial
Deep
Contralateral
Epigastric
Umbilical
Antebrachial
Brachial
Antecubital
Cubital
Thenar
Hypothenar
Inguinal
Sural
Crural
Contralateral
Ipsilateral
Anatomical Motions.
Be able to give examples of the following…
Translatory- in a straight line from one pt to another
Rectilinear - in a straight line... sled down hill
Curvilinear - in a curved path... ball or javelin
Rotary = Angular... all parts move thru the same angle...elbow
Anatomical Planes
Coronal/ Frontal
Sagittal
Horizontal or Transverse
Anatomical Axis
Coronal / Frontal
Sagittal
Longitudinal
MOVEMENT IN PLANES AND AROUND AN AXIS
PLANE
AXIS
JT MOTION
Sagittal
Frontal
Flx/ext
Frontal
Sagittal
Abd/ Add
Transverse
Vertical
Rotation
*Be able to describe what plane and axis any joint motion in the body occurs in!
JOINT MOVEMENTS
Flexion, Extension, Hyperextension, Abduction, Adduction, Circumduction,
Rotation, Inversion, Eversion, Pronation, Supination, Varus, Valgus, Plantar/
Palmar flexion, Dorsiflexion, Protraction, Retraction, Horizontal adduction,
Horizontal abduction, Ulnar deviation, Radial deviation, Lateral bending or side
bending (old term = lateral flexion)
3. Identify muscles with their accompanying origin, insertion, and action
Upper Extremity Muscles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Serratus Anterior
Rhomboids
Subclavius
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Latissimus Dorsi
Teres Major
Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Teres Minor
Deltoid
Coracobrachialis
Biceps
Brachialis
Triceps
Anconeus
Brachioradialis
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Supinator
Extensor Digitorum
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Palmaris Longus
Pronator Quadratus
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Digitorum Communis
Extensor Indicis
Extensor Digiti Minimi
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Identify muscles with their accompanying origin, insertion, and action
Axial Skeleton Muscles
1 Diaphragm
2 Quadratus Lumborum
3 Sternocleidomastoid
4 Scalenus Posterior
5 Scalenus Medius
6 Scalenus Anterior
7 Splenius Capitus
8 Splenius Cervicis
9 Serratus Posterior Superior
10 Serratus Posterior Inferior
11 Transverse Abdominis
12 Rectus Abdominis
13 Obliquus Internus Abdominis
14 Obliquus Externus Abdominis
15 Intertransversarus
16 Interspinalis
17 Semispinalis
18 External Intercostals
19 Internal Intercostals
20 Rotatores
21 Multifidi
22 Spinalis Capitis
23 Spinalis Cervicis
24 Spinalis Thoracis
25 Longissimus Capitis
26 Longissimus Cervicis
27 Longissimus Thoracis
28 Iliocostalis Cervicis
29 Iliocostalis Thoracis
30 Iliocostalis Lumborum
Identify muscles with their accompanying origin, insertion, and action
Lower Extremity Muscles
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Tibialis Posterior
Soleus
Popliteus
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Peroneus Brevis
Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Tertius
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Tibialis Anterior
Biceps Femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Quadratus Femoris
Gemellus Inferior
Obturator Internus
Gemellus Superior
Piriformis
Gluteus Maximus
Tensor Fascia Lata
Gluteus Minimus
Gluteus Medius
Adductor Magnus
Obturator Externus
Gracilis
Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis
Quadriceps
Sartorius
Pectineus
Iliacus
Psoas Major
Psoas Minor
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus Lateralis
4. Bony Landmarks
The student will demonstrate the ability to accurately and efficiently locate bony
landmarks (and tell the difference between Right and Left) on a single bone, on a
bone in a skeleton, on pictures and drawings and on a living person.
Upper extremity
Scapula
Costal and Dorsal Surfaces, Superior, Medial and Lateral Border,
Superior, Inferior and Lateral Angle, Coracoid Process, Suprascapular
Notch, Acromion Process, Spine, Root of the Spine, Supraspinous Fossa,
Infraspinous Fossa, Glenoid Fossa, Supraglenoid and Infraglenoid
Tubercle, Subscapular Fossa
Clavicle
Acromial End (Facet), Sternal End (Costal Facet), Conoid Tubercle,
Costal Tuberosity
Humerus
Head, Anatomical/Surgical Neck, Lesser Tubercle, Intertubercular
(Bicipital) Groove, Greater Tubercle, Surgical Neck, Deltoid Tuberosity,
Shaft, Radial Nerve Groove, Medial Supracondylar Ridge, Medial
Epicondyle, Trochlea, Capitulum, Lateral Epicondyle, Lateral
Supracondylar Ridge, Olecranon Fossa, Radial Fossa, Coronoid Fossa
Ulna
Olecranon Process, Trochlear Notch, Coronoid Process, Radial Notch,
Ulnar Tuberosity, Head, Styloid Process
Radius
Head, Neck, Radial (Bicipital) Tuberosity, Anterior Oblique Line, Styloid
Process, Ulnar Notch, Fovea
Carpals
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum (Triquetral), Pisiform, Trapezium,
Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate, Hook of Hamate, Tubercle of the
Trapezium, Scaphoid Tubercle
Metacarpals
Head, Shaft, Base
Phalanges
Head, Shaft, Base of, Proximal, Middle, Distal
Axial skeleton
Coccyx
Sacrum
Auricular Surface, Lateral Tubercles, Spinal Tubercles, Sacral
Promontory, Sacral Canal, Sacral Hiatus, Superior Articular Process,
Ventral and Dorsal Sacral Foramina
Lumbar Vertebrae
Body, Vertebral Foramen/Canal, Lamina, Pedicle, Spinous Process,
Superior and Inferior Articular Process, Superior and Inferior Vertebral
Notch, Transverse Process
Thoracic Vertebrae
Body, Vertebral Foramen, Lamina, Pedicle, Spinous Process, Superior
(articulation with entire head of 1st and 11th/12th Ribs) Inferior Costal Facet
(not on T11 and T12), Superior and Inferior Articular Process, Inferior
Vertebral Notch, Transverse Process (with Costal Facet, rib
articulation(not on T11 and T12)
Thoracic Vertebrae
Body, Vertebral Foramen, Lamina, Pedicle, Spinous Process, Superior
and Inferior Costal Facet, Superior and Inferior Articular Process, Inferior
Vertebral Notch, Transverse Process (with Costal Facet, rib articulation)
Thorax
Ribs (typical)
Head, Neck, Articular Facets, Articular Tubercle, Angle, Costal
Groove, Body
Sternum
Manubrium: Jugular Notch, Clavicular Notch, Costal Facet, Angle
of Louis (superior aspect of Manubriosternal Joint)
Body: Costal Facets (number)
Xiphoid Process
Cervical Vertebrae
Body, Vertebral Foramen, Lamina, Pedicle, Spinous Process, Superior
and Inferior Articular Process, Anterior and Posterior Tubercle of
Transverse Process, Transverse Foramen, Inferior Articular Facet
C1&C2
Body, Dens, Vertebral Foramen, Superior Articular Facet, Inferior Articular
Process, Lamina, Pedicle, Transverse Process, Transverse Foramen,
Spinous Process
Skull
Parietal Bone, Frontal Bone, Temporal Bone: Mastoid Process,
External Acoustic Meatus, Sphenoid Bone, Zygomatic Bone, Occipital
Bone: External Occipital Protuberance, Superior Nuchal Line, Inferior
Nuchal Line, Foramen Magnum, Occipital Condyles, Basilar Part,
Ethmoid Bone, Lacrimal Bone, Nasal Bone, Maxilla, Mandible:
Condyle, Coronoid Process
Lower extremity
Foot
Phalanges
Head, Shaft, Base
Metatarsals
Head, Shaft, Base, Styloid Process ( 5th metatarsal)
Tarsals
Navicular
Tuberosity
Cuboid
Cuneiforms
Lateral, Middle, Medial
Calcaneus
Medial & Lateral Tuberosity, Sustentaculum Tali, Calcaneal
Sulcus
Talus
Head, Neck, Trochlea
Fibula and Tibia
Tibia
Plateau, Medial Condyle, Lateral Condyle, Intercondylar Area,
Tibial Tuberosity, Fibular Facet, Tibial Shaft, Medial Malleolus,
Fibular Notch
Fibula
Head, Styloid Process, Shaft, Lateral Malleolus
Patella
Base, Apex, Lateral and Medial Facet
Femur
Head, Fovea, Neck, Greater Trochanter, Intertrochanteric Line, Lesser
Trochanter, Trochanteric Fossa, Intertrochanteric Crest, Gluteal
Tuberosity, Shaft, Linea Aspera, Lateral Condyle, Intercondylar Fossa
(Trochlear Groove, Intercondylar Groove), Medial Condyle, Medial and
Lateral Supracondylar Line, Medial and Lateral Epicondyle, Adductor
Tubercle
Ilium
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS), Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS),
Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (PSIS), Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine (PIIS),
Anterior Gluteal Line, Posterior Gluteal Line, Inferior Gluteal Line, Iliac
Crest, Greater Sciatic Notch, Iliac Fossa, Acetabulum
Ischium
Ischial Spine, Lesser Sciatic Notch, Greater Sciatic Notch, Ischial
Tuberosity, Ramus
Pubis
Obturator Crest, Pectineal Line, Tubercle, Superior Ramus, Inferior
Ramus, Pubic Arch, Illiopectineal Eminence, Obturator Foramen,
Symphysis Pubis
5. Palpation
The student will demonstrate the ability to palpate all of the muscles above and
also to palpate all of the structures listed below.
Upper extremity
Scapula:
Superior and inferior angles
Supraspinous fossa
Infraspinous fossa
Vertebral border
Lateral border
Subscapular fossa
Spine, and root of spine
Acromium process
Coraciod process
Clavicle:
Sternal end
Acromial end
Acromioclavicular joint, or AC joint
Humerus:
Greater and lesser tubercles
Deltoid tuberosity
Shaft
Medial and lateral epicondyles, and
associated supracondylar ridges
Radius:
Radial head
Radial styloid process
Shaft
Lister's tubercle, or radial tubercle
Ulna:
Olecranon process and fossa
Ulnar styloid process
Shaft
Ulnar nerve groove
Wrist:
Anatomical snuff box
Scaphiod
Lunate
Pisiform
Hamate, "hoof of"
Trapeziod
Trapezium, "tubercle of"
Capitate
Metacarpals/Phalanges: all
Axial skeleton
Coccyx
Sacrum
Lateral Tubercles
Spinal Tubercles
ILA: Inferior Lateral Angle
Lumbar Vertebrae
Spinous Processes
Transverse Process
Thoracic Vertebrae
Spinous Process
Transverse Process (with costal facet, rib articulation)
Thorax
Ribs: true, false, floating, angle, body
Sternum, Angle of Louis, sternal angle, rib articulations
Manubrium, jugular notch
Xiphoid Process
Cervical Vertebrae
Spinous Process
Transverse Process
Skull
Parietal Bone, Frontal Bone, Temporal Bone: Mastoid Process,
Sphenoid Bone, Zygomatic Bone, Occipital Bone: External Occipital
Protuberance, Maxilla, Mandible: Coronoid Process, angle of mandible
Lower Extremity
Pelvis/Hip:
ASIS
PSIS
Pubic tubercles
Greater trochanter
Ischial tuberosity
Femoral triangle
Trochanteric bursa
Sciatic notch
Iliac crest
ILA
Sacrotuberous ligament
Knee:
Medial/lateral tibial plateau
Adductor tubercle
Tibial tuberosity
Media/lateral femoral condyle
Medial/lateral femoral epicondyle
Head of the fibula
Gerdy’s tubercle
Ankle/Foot:
Medial/lateral malleoli
Tarsals: all cuneiforms, cuboid
Talus: head, medial tubercle of the talus, dome
Navicular tubercle
Calcaneous: peroneal tubercle, sustentaculum tali, calcaneal
tubercle plantar surface
Metatarsals: base, shaft, head, tuberosity of the 5th, 1st MT and
sesmoids
Phalanges: base, shaft, head