Download Body Systems - Dr. Robert Jordan

1.4
Organ Systems of the Body
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Slide 0
Objective
Bell Ringer Questions
• Define and contrast the terms organ and
organ systems.
• List the 11 major organ systems of the body.
• Identify and locate the major organs of each
major organ system.
• Briefly describe the major functions of each
major organ systems
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Slide 1
Definitions and Concepts
• Organ—a structure made up of two or more
kinds of tissues organized in such a way that
they can together perform a more complex
function than can any tissue alone
• Organ system—a group of organs arranged in
such a way that they can together perform a
more complex function than can any organ
alone
(Cont’d…)
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Slide 2
Definitions and Concepts
(…Cont’d)
• A knowledge of individual organs and how they
are organized into groups makes more
meaningful the understanding of how a
particular organ system functions as a whole
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Slide 3
Organ Systems
• Integumentary system
 Structure—organs
Skin
 Hair
 Nails
 Sense receptors
 Sweat glands
 Oil glands

(Cont’d…)
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Slide 4
Organ Systems
(…Cont’d)
 Functions
Protection
 Regulation of body temperature
 Synthesis of chemicals
 Sense organ

(Cont’d…)
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Slide 5
Organ Systems
(…Cont’d)
• Skeletal system
 Structure
Bones
 Joints

 Functions
Support
 Movement (with joints and muscles)
 Storage of minerals


Blood cell formation
(Cont’d…)
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Slide 6
Organ Systems
(…Cont’d)
• Muscular system
 Structure

Muscles
o
o
o
Voluntary or striated
Involuntary or smooth
Cardiac
 Functions
Movement
 Maintenance of body posture and BP


Production of heat
(Cont’d…)
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Slide 7
Organ Systems
(…Cont’d)
• Nervous system
 Structure
Brain
 Spinal cord
 Nerves
 Sense organs

(Cont’d…)
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Slide 8
Organ Systems
(…Cont’d)
 Function
Communication
 Integration
 Control
 Recognition of sensory stimuli

 System functions by production of nerve
impulses caused by stimuli of various types
 Control is fast acting and of short duration
(Cont’d…)
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Slide 9
Organ Systems
(…Cont’d)
• Endocrine system
 Structure
Pituitary gland
 Pineal gland
 Hypothalamus
 Thyroid gland
 Parathyroid gland
 Thymus
 Adrenal glands
 Pancreas
 Ovaries (female)
 Testes (male)

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(Cont’d…)
Slide 10
Organ Systems
(…Cont’d)
 Functions
Secretion of special substances called hormones
directly into the blood
 Same as nervous system—communication,
integration, and control
 Control is slow and of long duration
 Examples of hormone regulation

o
Growth
Metabolism
Reproduction
o
Fluid and electrolyte balance
o
o
(Cont’d…)
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Slide 11
Organ Systems
(…Cont’d)
• Cardiovascular (circulatory) system
 Structure
Heart
 Blood vessels

 Functions
Transportation of blood to whole body
 Regulation of body temperature


Immunity (body defense)

Removes waste products from blood
(Cont’d…)
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Slide 12
Organ Systems
(…Cont’d)
• Lymphatic system
 Structure
Lymph nodes
 Lymphatic vessels
 Thymus
 Spleen

 Functions
Transportation
 Immunity (body defense)

(Cont’d…)
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Slide 13
Organ Systems
(…Cont’d)
• Respiratory system
 Structure
Nose
 Pharynx
 Larynx
 Trachea
 Bronchi


Lungs
(Cont’d…)
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Slide 14
Organ Systems
(…Cont’d)
 Functions
Exchange of waste gas (carbon dioxide) for
oxygen in the lungs
 Area of gas exchange in the lungs called alveoli
 Filtration of irritants from inspired air
 Regulation of acid-base balance

(Cont’d…)
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Slide 15
Organ Systems
(…Cont’d)
• Digestive system
 Structure

Primary organs
o
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
o
Anal canal
o
o
o
o
o
o
(Cont’d…)
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Slide 16
Organ Systems
(…Cont’d)

Accessory organs
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Teeth
Salivary glands
Tongue
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Appendix
(Cont’d…)
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Slide 17
Organ Systems
(…Cont’d)
 Functions
Mechanical and chemical breakdown (digestion)
of food
 Absorption of nutrients
 Undigested waste product that is eliminated is
called feces
 Appendix is a structural but not a functional part
of digestive system
 Inflammation of appendix is called appendicitis

(Cont’d…)
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Slide 18
Organ Systems
(…Cont’d)
• Urinary system
 Structure
Kidneys
 Ureters
 Urinary bladder
 Urethra

(Cont’d…)
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Slide 19
Organ Systems
(…Cont’d)
 Functions
“Cleaning” or clearing blood of waste products—
waste product excreted from body is called urine
 Electrolyte balance
 Water balance
 Acid-base balance
 In male, urethra has urinary and reproductive
functions

(Cont’d…)
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Slide 20
Organ Systems
(…Cont’d)
• Reproductive system
 Structure

Male
o
o
o
o
Gonads—testes
Genital ducts—vas deferens, urethra
Accessory gland—prostate
Supporting structures—genitalia
(Cont’d…)
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Slide 21
Organ Systems
(…Cont’d)

Female
o
o
o
Gonads—ovaries
Accessory organs—uterus, uterine (fallopian)
tubes, vagina
Supporting structures—genitalia, mammary
glands (breasts)
(Cont’d…)
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Slide 22
Organ Systems
(…Cont’d)
 Functions
Survival of genes
 Production of sex cells
 Development and birth of offspring
 Nourishment of offspring
 Production of sex hormones

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Slide 23
The End
Copyright © 2004. Mosby Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Slide 24