Download The Odate Collection

Time series monitoring in Japan
(Introduction of Odate collection and Odate
project)
Hiroya Sugisaki・Kazuaki Tadokoro・Sanae Chiba
Regular sampling lines organized
by Japan Meteorological Agency
(from K.Tadokoro:TNFRI)
Zooplankton has been collected seasonally since 1972
PM-line
PH-line
PA-line
winter/summer
PN-line
PK-line
*Pはpollutionの略
Sampling stations organized by Fisheries Research Agency
and local fisheries research institutes
T,S and Zooplankton biomass has been researched
since early1950s in order to forecast fisheries condition
ODATE collection/data area
Active projects on field monitoring study in FRA,Japan
A-Line(current: 1990~)
Odate Project(retrospective
:1950~2000)
O-Line(current: 2002~)
A-Line
well organized by HNF and TNFRI (PI: Tsuneo Ono)
46
N4
Latitude (degree N)
5-8 cruises/yr.
since1990
N3
45
N2
N1
44
Hokkaido
43
not only standard
oceanographical
monitoring, but also
mechanisms of
biological production
or biological carbon
transportation has
been researched
Akkeshi
A1
A4
42
A7
41
A11
40
Honshu
A15
39
38
140
141
142
143
144
145
Longitude (degree E)
146
147
What is Odate collection?
• More than 20000 zooplankton samples (formaline
preserved) are stocked at Tohoku National Fisheries
Research Institute, Fisheries Research Agency Japan.
• Long term variation of biomass (total wet weight) of
this sample set was analyzed by Dr. Kazuko Odate
(Odate, 1994).
• The samples are still available for identification of
species, because preserved condition is good.
Sampling, Monitoring
• The purpose of the zooplankton sampling was
routine monitoring of prey abundance of fishery
ground and oceanic environment.
• Zooplankton samples have been collected by several
public fisheries institutes in north eastern region of
Japan since 1950.
• Sampling gears are conical standard plankton net
(45cm diameter; 0.33mm mesh size).
• Net was towed vertically from 150m depth layer to
the surface.
Long term variation of zooplankton biomass
based on Odate collection
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
low
HIGH
low
HIGH
0
19
55
19
58
19
61
19
64
19
67
19
70
19
73
19
76
19
79
19
82
19
85
19
88
19
91
19
94
19
97
20
00
20
03
Zooplankton biomass（mgWW/m3)
400
(revised from Odate,1994)
Mere monitoring on long-term variation of zooplankton
Research on the mechanisms of
long term variation of ecosystem
Information on only total wet weight is not sufficient to
analyze the interaction of biological phenomenon and
climate change
Analysis of species composition of zooplankton
using Odate collection
Retrospective analysis of species composition of
copepods using Odate collection = Odate Project
FY2003-2005
Financial supported by Japanese ministry of the Environment
• Species composition data base from the Odate Collection
reanalysis of species composition from Odate collection, establish
the data base
H.Sugisaki, T.Kobari, H.Itoh
• Long term variation of Climate/Physical oceanography
analysis of physical effect on long term variation of pceanic
ecosystem
I.Yasuda, M.Noto
• Effect of biological production on the interaction between
climate change and variation of ocean ecosystem
interaction between physical and biological effect
H.Saito
• Long term variation of zooplankton communities and the process
of transportation of organic matter through biological processes
analysis of mechanism of long term variation of copepods
composition and establish the model
S.Chiba, K.Tadokoro
Identification procedure
• Copepods were sorted out and identifies into species
using newest information on copepod classification.
• Copepodite stages （I-V）of dominant copepods
(Neocalanus, Eucalanus, Calanus and Metridia
species) were identified.
• Total number of each classified species and life
stage category were calculated.
Temperature
of 100m depth
Oyashio
Cold
current
T100<5oC
OyashioKuroshio 5oC<T100<15oC
transition
Kuroshio
Warm
current
T100>15oC
# of
Samples
Year and
season
1528
1960-2001
JanuaryNovember
1358
1960-2000
MarchSeptember
63
(ca. 1200
at the final
result)
1960-1969
(1960-2000
at the final
result)
# of
Detected
species
174
236
145
(1960’s)
2000
2000
1995
1995
1990
1990
1985
1985
1980
1980
1975
1975
3
4
5
6
7
8 3
Neocalanus fremingeri
4
5
6
7
8 3
4
5
6
7
8
3
4
5
6
7
8
3
Neocalanus cristatus Pesuedocalanus minutus Scolecithricella minor
2000
2000
1995
1995
1990
1990
1985
1985
1980
1980
1975
1975
3
4
5
6
7
8
3
4
5
6
7
8
3
4
5
6
7
8 3
Neocalanus plumchrus Pseudocalanus newmani Metridia okhotensis
4
5
6
7
Oithona similis
8
4
5
6
7
8 3
Eucalanus bungii
3
4
5
6
7
Oithona atlantica
4
5
6
7
8
Metridia pacifica
8 3
4
5
6
7
8
Mesocalanus tenuicornis
Interannual variations of mesozooplankton biomass
Hypothesis: top-down control (Tadokoro et al., 2005)
Standing stock of sardine (million ton)
Feeding rate of Japanese sardine was estimated 32-138% of Neocalanus production rate in 1984
20
Migrate into the Oyashio during summer
15
10
5
0
70
75
80
85
Year (+1900)
90
95
100
Hypothesis: bottom-up control (Tadokoro et al., PICES XV)
Oyashio
Mixed
Sea surface
PO4 (m mol m-3)
1.0
0.5
0.9
0.8
0.4
0.7
0.3
0.6
0.5
0.4
18.6 yr tide cycle
0.2
60
70
80
90
100
60
70
80
90
100
60
70
80
90
100
Subsurface layer
PO4 (m mol m-3)
2.6
2.3
2.5
2.2
2.4
2.1
2.3
2.2
2.0
2.1
1.9
60
70
80
90
100
Year(+1900)
Hypothesis: bottom-up control (Tadokoro et al., PICES XV)
Oyashio
15
rs = 0.777
N = 38
10
-91%
7
0.8
6
0.7
5
0.5
5
PO4
0
0.9
0.6
-56%
60
70
80
0.4
90
100
Mixed
0.3
0.5
rs = 0.825
0.4
N = 33
-92%
4
-64%
0.3
3
2
PO4 (m mol m-3)
biomass (g m-2)
N. Plumchrus biomass had significant relationship with PO4.
0.2
1
0
60
70
80
90
100
0.1
Year (+1900)
Those relationships suggests the change in nutrients condition affect
N. plumchrus biomass due to change the primary productively.
Hypothesis: Phenological change (Chiba et al., 2006)
After the mid 1970s
Lower tropic level
responses to the
1976 and 1988 RS :
(winter-spring
processes)
After the late 1988s
（Chiba et al, submitted, PO)
Aleutian Low dynamics
Subarctic circulation
Winter Wind Stress
KOE dynamics
Winter Vertical Mixing
*Lagged response in Kuroshio
Advection
Light & Nutrients availability
phytoplankton
In order to reveal
the mechanisms of
variability of ecosystems,
World-wide
Collaborative research
is necessary
Production
Phenology
Community structure
spring-summer
stratification
Zooplankton
Production
Phenology
Community structure
CMarZ should be a good platform
Unknown climatic forcing?
The result will be open
at the web site near future
(Ex.) Long term variation of abundance of
Neocalanus plumchrus
(Ex.) distribution map of Neocalanus plumchrus